Digital broadcasting transmitter, digital broadcasting receiver, and stream configuration and method for processing same

ABSTRACT

Provided are a digital broadcast transmitter, a digital broadcast receiver, a stream-processing method for the digital broadcasting transmitter, and a stream-processing method for the digital broadcast receiver. The stream-processing method for the digital broadcasting transmitter includes: configuring a stream in which slots including a plurality of blocks are continuously disposed; and encoding and interleaving the stream to be output as a transport stream, wherein the configuring the stream includes, if slots of a block extension mode 00 are continuously placed, connecting known data placed in predetermined locations of adjacent slots to each other in order to generate a long training sequence.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a National Stage application under 35 U.S.C. §371 ofInternational Application No. PCT/KR2011/003566, filed on May 13, 2011,and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/344,065,filed on May 17, 2010 in the United States Patent and Trademark Office,the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

Systems and methods consistent with exemplary embodiments relate to adigital broadcast transmitter, a digital broadcast receiver, and methodsfor configuring and processing a stream thereof, and more particularly,to a digital broadcast transmitter, which configures a transport streamincluding mobile data along with normal data and transmits the transportstream, a digital broadcast receiver, which receives and processes thetransport stream, and methods thereof.

2. Description of the Related Art

As digital broadcasting has come into wide use, various types ofelectronic apparatuses support digital broadcasting services. Inparticular, in addition to apparatuses provided in general householdssuch as a digital broadcasting TV or a set-top box, portable apparatuseswhich are easy to carry, such as a mobile phone, a navigation system, apersonal digital assistance (PDA), a multimedia player (e.g., an MP3player), etc., are equipped with a function of supporting digitalbroadcasting services.

Therefore, digital broadcasting standards for providing digitalbroadcasting services to such a portable apparatus have been underdiscussion.

One of the standards is the ATSC-Mobile/Handheld (MH) standard. TheATSC-MH standard discloses a technology for placing mobile data in atransport stream, which is to transmit data for general digitalbroadcasting services, that is, normal data, and transmitting the mobiledata.

Since the mobile data is received and processed by a portable apparatus,the mobile data is processed in a format robust against an error incomparison to the normal data due to mobility of the portable apparatusand is included in the transport stream.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a transport stream configurationincluding mobile data and normal data.

Section (A) of FIG. 1 illustrates a stream in which mobile data andnormal data are placed in packets allocated thereto respectively andmultiplexed.

The stream of section (A) of FIG. 1 is converted into a stream ofsection (B) of FIG. 1 by interleaving. As shown in section (B) of FIG.1, MH, that is, mobile data may be divided into regions A and B byinterleaving. Region A is a region that falls within a predeterminedrange with reference to a portion where mobile data greater than apredetermined size are gathered in a plurality of transmission units,and region B is a region other than region A. The mobile data is dividedinto regions A and B by way of an example and may be divided in adifferent way. That is, in section (B) of FIG. 1, a portion which doesnot include normal data may be set to region A and a portioncorresponding to a transmission unit in which normal data is at leastplaced may be set to region B.

There is a problem that region B is relatively vulnerable to an error incomparison to region A. That is, digital broadcast data may includeknown data, for example, a training sequence, to be appropriatelydemodulated and equalized by a receiver to correct an error. Accordingto the related-art ATSC-MH standard, the known data is not placed inregion B and thus there is a problem that region B is vulnerable to anerror.

Also, the stream defined as shown in FIG. 1 may limit a transmission ofmobile data. That is, the number of broadcasting stations andapparatuses for supporting mobile broadcasting services has beenincreased, but, a portion allocated to the normal data on the streamshown in FIG. 1 is unavailable and thus efficiency of the streamdeteriorates.

Therefore, there is a demand for a method for using a transport streamefficiently.

SUMMARY

Aspects of one or more exemplary embodiments provide a digital broadcasttransmitter, a digital broadcast receiver, and methods for configuringand processing a stream thereof, which can utilize packets of atransport stream allocated to normal data in various ways, therebydiversifying transmission efficiency of mobile data and also improvingperformance in receiving the transport stream.

According to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment, there is provided amethod for processing a stream of a digital broadcast transmitter, themethod including: configuring a stream in which slots including aplurality of blocks are placed; and encoding and interleaving the streamand transmitting the stream as a transport stream, wherein theconfiguring the stream includes, if slots of a block extension mode 00are continuously placed, connecting known data placed in predeterminedlocations of adjacent slots to each other in order to generate a longtraining sequence.

First known data which is placed in a tail portion of a preceding slotof the adjacent slots and second known data which is placed in a headportion of a following slot of the adjacent slots may be alternatelyconnected to each other on a boundary, and a value of the first knowndata and a value of the second known data may be predetermined values togenerate a long training sequence which is known to the digitalbroadcast transmitter and a digital broadcast receiver.

The known data may have a same sequence as a long training sequence thatis used in a slot of a block extension mode 01 in which some block of acorresponding slot is provided to another slot.

The transmitting may include initializing a trellis encoder before knowndata corresponding to an initial portion of the long training sequenceis trellis-encoded.

The transmitting may include, if slots of different block extensionmodes are continuously placed, initializing a trellis encoder beforeknown data which is placed in a sawtooth portion of a boundary betweenthe continuously placed slots is trellis encoded.

According to an aspect of another exemplary embodiment, there isprovided a digital broadcast transmitter including: a streamconfiguration unit which configures a stream in which slots including aplurality of blocks are placed; and an exciter unit which encodes andinterleaves the stream and transmits the stream as a transport stream.

If slots of a block extension mode 00 in which all blocks of acorresponding slot are used are continuously placed, the streamconfiguration unit may place known data in predetermined segments ofadjacent slots in order to generate a long training sequence on aboundary between the adjacent slots engaged with a saw-toothedconfiguration.

First known data which is placed in a tail portion of a preceding slotof the adjacent slots and second known data which is placed in a headportion of a following slot of the adjacent slots may be alternatelyconnected to each other on the boundary, and a value of the first knowndata and a value of the second known data may be predetermined values togenerate a long training sequence which is known to the digitalbroadcast transmitter and a digital broadcast receiver.

The known data may have a same sequence as a long training sequence thatis used in a slot of a block extension mode 01, in which some block of acorresponding slot is provided to another slot.

The exciter unit may include: an encoding unit which encodes the stream,an interleaver unit which interleaves the encoded stream, and a trellisencoder unit which trellis-encodes the interleaved stream.

The trellis encoder unit may be initialized before known datacorresponding to an initial portion of the long training sequence istrellis-encoded.

If slots of different block extension modes are continuously placed, thetrellis encoder unit may be initialized before known data which isplaced in a sawtooth portion of a boundary between the continuouslyplaced slots is trellis encoded.

According to an aspect of another exemplary embodiment, there isprovided a method for processing a stream of a digital broadcastreceiver, the method including: receiving a transport stream which isencoded and interleaved if slots including a plurality of blocks areplaced; demodulating the received transport stream; equalizing thedemodulated transport stream; and decoding new mobile data from theequalized stream.

Each slot of the transport stream may include at least one of normaldata, existing mobile data, and new mobile data, and, if slots of ablock extension mode 00 are continuously placed, in the transportstream, known data which is placed in predetermined locations ofadjacent slots may be connected to each other in order to generate along training sequence.

First known data which is placed in a tail portion of a preceding slotof the adjacent slots and second known data which is placed in a headportion of a following slot of the adjacent slots may be alternatelyconnected to each other on a boundary, and a value of the first knowndata and a value of the second known data may be predetermined values togenerate a long training sequence which is known to a digital broadcasttransmitter and the digital broadcast receiver.

The known data may have a same sequence as a long training sequence thatis used in a slot of a block extension mode 01, in which some block of acorresponding slot is provided to another slot.

The method may further include decoding signaling data of each slot andidentifying a block extension mode of each of the slots.

The method may further include, if decoding of signaling data of thefollowing slot of the adjacent slots is completed and it is identifiedthat a block extension mode of the following slot is 00, detecting theknown data placed in the sawtooth portion of the boundary between theadjacent slots as the long training sequence and processing the knowndata.

The method may further include decoding signaling data of the precedingslot of the adjacent slots and identifying block extension modes of boththe preceding slot and the following slot.

According to an aspect of another exemplary embodiment, there isprovided a digital broadcast receiver including: a receiving unit whichreceives a transport stream which is encoded and interleaved if slotsincluding a plurality of blocks are placed; a demodulator whichdemodulates the received transport stream; an equalizer which equalizesthe demodulated transport stream; and a decoding unit which decodes newmobile data from the equalized stream.

Each slot of the transport stream may include at least one of normaldata, existing mobile data, and new mobile data, and, if slots of ablock extension mode 00 are continuously placed, in the transportstream, known data which is placed in predetermined locations ofadjacent slots may be connected to each other in order to generate along training sequence.

First known data which is placed in a tail portion of a preceding slotof the adjacent slots and second known data which is placed in a headportion of a following slot of the adjacent slots may be alternatelyconnected to each other on a boundary, and a value of the first knowndata and a value of the second known data may be predetermined values togenerate a long training sequence which is known to a digital broadcasttransmitter and the digital broadcast receiver.

The long training sequence may have a same sequence as a long trainingsequence that is used in a slot of a block extension mode 01, in whichsome block of a corresponding slot is provided to another slot.

The digital broadcast receiver may further include a signaling decoderwhich decodes signaling data of each slot and identifies a blockextension mode of each of the slots.

The digital broadcast receiver may further include a detection unitwhich, if decoding of signaling data of the following slot of theadjacent slots is completed and it is identified that a block extensionmode of the following slot is 00, detects the known data placed in asawtooth portion of the boundary between the adjacent slots as the longtraining sequence and processing the known data.

The digital broadcast may further include a signaling decoder whichdecodes signaling data of the preceding slot of the adjacent slots andidentifies block extension modes of both the preceding slot and thefollowing slot.

According to aspects of various exemplary embodiments, a transportstream is transmitted in various formats, so that a receiver can receivevarious types of mobile data.

Additional aspects and advantages of exemplary embodiments will be setforth in the detailed description, will be obvious from the detaileddescription, or may be learned by practicing exemplary embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and/or other aspects will become and more readily appreciatedfrom the following description of exemplary embodiments, taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a transport stream configurationaccording to a related-art ATSC-MH standard;

FIGS. 2 to 4 are block diagrams illustrating a digital broadcasttransmitter according to various exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a frame encoder according to anexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a Reed Solomon (RS)frame encoder of the frame encoder of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a block processor according to anexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a view to explain an example of a method of dividing a streaminto blocks according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a signaling encoder according toan exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 10 to 13 are views illustrating a trellis encoder according tovarious exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 14 is a view to explain a mobile data frame according to anexemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 15 to 21 are views illustrating an example of a streamconfiguration according to various exemplary embodiments;

FIGS. 22 to 28 are views illustrating an insertion pattern of known dataaccording to various exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 29 is a view illustrating a pattern in which mobile data is placedin a normal data region according to a first mode, according to anexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 30 is a view illustrating the stream of FIG. 29 in an interleavedstate;

FIG. 31 is a view illustrating a pattern in which mobile data is placedin a normal data region according to a second mode, according to anexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 32 is a view illustrating the stream of FIG. 31 in an interleavedstate;

FIG. 33 is a view illustrating a pattern in which mobile data is placedin a normal data region according to a third mode, according to anexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 34 is a view illustrating the stream of FIG. 33 in an interleavedstate;

FIG. 35 is a view illustrating a pattern in which mobile data is placedin a normal data region according to a fourth mode, according to anexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 36 is a view illustrating the stream of FIG. 35 in an interleavedstate;

FIGS. 37 to 40 are views illustrating patterns in which mobile data isplaced according to various modes of exemplary embodiments;

FIGS. 41 to 43 are views illustrating various types of slots which arerepeatedly placed in sequence, according to exemplary embodiments;

FIGS. 44 to 47 are views to explain a method of allocating blocksaccording to various exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 48 is a view to explain a method of defining a start point of an RSframe according to various exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 49 is a view to explain an insertion location of signaling dataaccording to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 50 is a view illustrating an example of a data field syncconfiguration to transmit signaling data according to an exemplaryembodiment;

FIGS. 51 to 53 are views illustrating a digital broadcast receiveraccording to various exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 54 is a view illustrating an example of a stream format afterinterleaving according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 55 is a view to explain an example of a method of signalinginformation of a next frame in advance, according to an exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 56 is a view illustrating a stream configuration after interleavingin a scalable mode 11a, according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 57 is a view illustrating a stream configuration beforeinterleaving in a scalable mode 11a, according to an exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 58 is a view illustrating a stream configuration indicating a firsttype orphan region after interleaving, according to an exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 59 is a view illustrating a stream configuration indicating a firsttype orphan region before interleaving, according to an exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 60 is a view illustrating a stream configuration indicating asecond type orphan region after interleaving, according to an exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 61 is a view illustrating a stream configuration indicating asecond type orphan region before interleaving, according to an exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 62 is a view illustrating a stream configuration indicating a thirdtype orphan region after interleaving, according to an exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 63 is a view illustrating a stream configuration indicating a thirdtype orphan region before interleaving, according to an exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 64 is a view illustrating a stream configuration beforeinterleaving in a block extension mode 00, according to an exemplaryembodiment; and

FIG. 65 is a view illustrating a stream configuration after interleavingin a block extension mode 00, according to an exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examplesof which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein likereference numerals refer to the like elements throughout. Exemplaryembodiments are described below with reference to the drawings.

[Digital Broadcast Transmitter]

Referring to FIG. 2, a digital broadcast transmitter according to anexemplary embodiment includes a data pre-processor 100 and a multiplexer200.

The data pre-processor 100 receives an input of mobile data, processesthe mobile data appropriately, and converts the mobile data into data ofa format suitable for transmission.

The multiplexer 200 configures a transport stream including the mobiledata output from the data pre-processor 100. If normal data is to betransmitted, the multiplexer 200 configures a transport stream bymultiplexing the mobile data and the normal data.

The data pre-processor 100 may process the mobile data so that themobile data is placed in all or some of the packets of the entire streamallocated to the normal data.

That is, as explained with reference to FIG. 1, some of the packets areallocated to the normal data according to the ATSC-MH standard.Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the stream may be divided into aplurality of slots based on a unit of time and one slot may include 156packets. Among these packets, 38 packets may be allocated to the normaldata and the remaining 118 packets may be allocated to the mobile data.For the convenience of explanation, the 118 packets is referred to as aregion allocated to the mobile data or a first region, and the 38packets is referred to as a region allocated to the normal data or asecond region. The normal data refers to various types of related artdata that can be received and processed by a general television (TV),and the mobile data refers to data that can be received and processed bya mobile apparatus. The mobile data may be expressed by various terms,such as robust data, turbo data, additional data, etc.

The data pre-processor 100 may place the mobile data in a packet regionallocated to the mobile data, and separately, may place the mobile datain all or some of the packets allocated to the normal data. For theconvenience of explanation, the mobile data placed in the packetsallocated to the mobile data is referred to as existing mobile data orfirst mobile data, and the region allocated to the existing mobile datais referred to as the first region as described above. On the otherhand, the mobile data placed in the second region, that is, the packetsallocated to the normal data, is referred to as new mobile data, mobiledata, or second mobile data for the convenience of explanation. Theexisting mobile data and the mobile data may be the same data or may bedifferent types of data.

The data pre-processor 100 may place the mobile data in various patternsaccording to a setting condition such as a frame mode or a set mode. Thepatterns in which the mobile data is placed will be explained below withreference to the drawings.

The multiplexer 200 multiplexes the stream and the normal data outputfrom the data pre-processor 100, thereby configuring a transport stream.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment in which a controller 310 isadded to the digital broadcast transmitter of FIG. 2. Referring to FIG.3, the controller 310 provided in the digital broadcast transmitterdetermines a setting condition of a frame mode and controls an operationof the data pre-processor 100.

Specifically, if it is determined that a first frame mode is set, thecontroller 310 controls the data pre-processor 100 to place the mobiledata only in the first region without placing the mobile data in all ofthe packets allocated to the normal data. That is, the datapre-processor 100 outputs the stream including only the existing mobiledata. Accordingly, the normal data is placed in the packets allocated tothe normal data by the multiplexer 200 so that a transport stream isconfigured.

On the other hand, if it is determined that a second frame mode is set,the controller 310 controls the data pre-processor 100 to place theexisting mobile data in the packets allocated to the mobile data, thatis, the first region, and to place the mobile data in at least some ofthe packets allocated to the normal data, that is, at least a part ofthe second region.

In this case, the controller 310 may determine a setting condition of aseparate mode other than the frame mode, that is, a mode indicating thenumber of packets where the mobile data is to be placed from among thepackets allocated to the normal data. Accordingly, the controller 310may control the data pre-processor 100 to place the mobile data in thepackets as many as the number corresponding to the setting condition ofthe mode, from among the entire packets allocated to the normal data.

The mode referred to herein may be provided in various forms. Forexample, the mode may include at least one compatible mode and anincompatible mode. The compatible mode refers to a mode in whichcompatibility with an existing normal data receiver, which receives andprocesses normal data, is maintained, and the incompatible mode refersto a mode in which compatibility is not maintained.

Specifically, the compatible mode may include a plurality of compatiblemodes in which new mobile data is placed at least a part of the secondregion. For example, the compatible mode may be either one of a firstcompatible mode in which the mobile data is placed in only some of thepackets allocated to the normal data, or a second compatible mode inwhich the mobile data is placed in all of the packets allocated to thenormal data.

The first compatible mode may be a mode in which the mobile data isplaced in only a part of each data region of some packets in the secondregion. That is, the mobile data may be placed in a part of the entiredata region of some packets, and the normal data may be placed in theother data region.

Also, the first compatible mode may be a mode in which the mobile datais placed in the entire data region of some packets in the secondregion.

The mode may be provided in various forms considering the number ofpackets allocated to the normal data, a size of mobile data, a type ofmobile data, a transmission time, and a transmission environment.

For instance, as shown in FIG. 1, if 38 packets are allocated to thenormal data, the first compatible mode may include:

-   -   1) a first mode in which new mobile data is placed in the 38        packets at a ratio of 1/4;    -   2) a second mode in which new mobile data is placed in the 38        packets at a ratio of 2/4;    -   3) a third mode in which new mobile data is placed in the 38        packets at a ratio of 3/4; and    -   4) a fourth mode in which new mobile data is placed in all of        the 38 packets.

In the first mode, the new mobile data may be placed in a sum of 2 ofthe 38 packets and 9 packets which corresponds to the quotient of theremaining 36 packets divided by 4, that is, 11 packets in total. In thesecond mode, the new mobile data may be placed in a sum of 2 of the 38packets and 18 packets which corresponds to the quotient of theremaining 36 packets divided by 2, that is, 20 packets in total. In thethird mode, the new mobile data may be placed in a sum of 2 of the 38packets and 27 packets which is the remaining 36 packets multiplied by3/4, that is, 29 packets in total. In the fourth mode, the new mobiledata may be placed in all of the 38 packets.

On the other hand, the incompatible mode refers to a mode in which atransmission capacity of the new mobile data can increase regardless ofcompatibility with the receiver receiving the normal data. Specifically,the incompatible mode may be a mode in which the new mobile data isplaced using an MPEG header and Reed Solomon (RS) parity region of thefirst region in addition to the entire second region.

As a result, the data pre-processor 100 of FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 mayconfigure a transport stream by placing the new mobile data according tovarious modes as follows:

-   -   1) a first mode in which new mobile data is placed in 11 packets        in total from among the 38 packets allocated to the normal data;    -   2) a second mode in which new mobile data is placed in 20        packets in total from among the 38 packets allocated to the        normal data;    -   3) a third mode in which new mobile data is placed in 29 packets        in total from among the 38 packets allocated to the normal data;    -   4) a fourth mode in which new mobile data is placed in all of        the 38 packets allocated to the normal data; and    -   5) a fifth mode in which new mobile data is placed in all of the        38 packets allocated to the normal data and in a region        corresponding to an MPEG header and a parity of a region        allocated to the existing mobile data.

Although the fifth mode is referred to as an incompatible mode and thefirst to the fourth modes are referred to as compatible modes in thepresent exemplary embodiment for the convenience of explanation, eachmode may be differently named. Also, although there are five modes intotal including four compatible modes and one incompatible mode in theabove-described exemplary embodiment, the number of compatible modes maybe changed variously. For example, the first to the third modes may beused as compatible modes as described above, and the fourth mode may beset to the fifth mode, that is, the incompatible mode.

The data pre-processor 100 may insert known data in addition to themobile data. The known data described herein refers to a sequence thatis commonly known to the digital broadcast transmitter and the digitalbroadcast receiver. The digital broadcast receiver receives known datatransmitted from the digital broadcast transmitter and identifies adifference from a sequence known previously, and then grasps a degree oferror correction. The known data may be expressed by various terms suchas training data, a training sequence, a reference signal, an additionalreference signal, etc. However, the term “known data” will be usedthroughout the specification for convenience of description.

The data pre-processor 100 inserts at least one of the mobile data andthe known data into various portions of the entire transport stream,thereby improving reception performance.

That is, referring to the stream configuration shown in section (B) ofFIG. 1, MH, that is, mobile data is gathered in region A and is formedin region B in a conical configuration. Therefore, region A may bereferred to as a body region and region B may be referred to as ahead/tail region. Since known data is not placed in the head/tailregion, there is a problem in the related art that data does not showgood performance in comparison to data of the body region.

Accordingly, the data pre-processor 100 inserts known data into anappropriate location to be placed in the head/tail region. The knowndata may be placed in a long training sequence format in which datagreater than a predetermined size is continuously placed, or may beplaced in a discontinuously distributed format.

The mobile data and the known data may be inserted in various formatsaccording to an exemplary embodiment. This will be explained in detailwith reference to the accompanying drawings. However, a detailedconfiguration of a digital broadcast transmitter will be explained firstin more detail.

[Detailed Configuration of Digital Broadcast Transmitter]

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating, in detail, a digital broadcasttransmitter according to an exemplary embodiment. Referring to FIG. 4,the digital broadcast transmitter may include a normal processor 320 andan exciter unit 400 (e.g., exciter) in addition to the datapre-processor 100 and the multiplexer 200. For the convenience ofexplanation, a unit including the data pre-processor 100, the normalprocessor 320, and the multiplexer 200 may be referred to as a streamconfiguration unit or a stream configurator.

In FIG. 4, the controller 310 shown in FIG. 3 is omitted. However, it isunderstood that the controller 310 may be included in the digitalbroadcast transmitter. Also, one or more elements of the digitalbroadcast transmitter shown in FIG. 4 may be deleted or a new elementmay be added when necessary, and an arrangement order of the elementsand the number of elements may be changed variously.

Referring to FIG. 4, the normal processor 320 receives normal data andconverts the received normal data into data of an appropriate formatsuitable to a transport stream configuration. That is, since the digitalbroadcast transmitter configures a transport stream including normaldata and mobile data and transmits the configured transport stream, areceiver which receives normal data should receive and process thenormal data appropriately. Accordingly, the normal processor 320 adjustsa packet timing and a program clock reference (PCR) of the normal data(or main service data) to have a format suitable to the MPEG/ATSCstandard, which is used for normal data decoding. A detailed explanationthereof is disclosed in Annex B of the ATSC-MH (the entire disclosure ofwhich is incorporated herein by reference) and thus is omitted here.

The data pre-processor 100 includes a frame encoder 110, a blockprocessor 120, a group formatter 130, a packet formatter 140, and asignaling encoder 150.

The frame encoder 110 performs RS frame encoding. Specifically, theframe encoder 110 receives a single service and builds a predeterminednumber of RS frames. For example, if a single service is an M/H ensembleunit including a plurality of M/H parades, the frame encoder 110 buildsa predetermined number of RS frames for each M/H parade. Specifically,the frame encoder 110 randomizes input mobile data, performs RS-CRCencoding, divides the mobile data into RS frames according to apredetermined frame mode, and outputs a predetermined of RS frames.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the frame encoder110. Referring to FIG. 5, the frame encoder 110 includes an inputde-multiplexer 111, a plurality of RS frame encoders 112-1-112-M, and anoutput multiplexer 113.

If mobile data of a predetermined service unit (for example, an M/Hensemble) is input, the input de-multiplexer 111 de-multiplexes themobile data into a plurality of ensembles, for example, a primaryensemble and a secondary ensemble, according to pre-set configurationinformation, that is, a frame mode, and outputs the ensembles to the RSframe encoders 112-1-112-M. Each of the RS frame encoders 112-1-112-Mperforms randomization, RS-CRC encoding, and dividing with respect tothe input ensembles, and outputs the ensembles to the output multiplexer113. The output multiplexer 113 multiplexes frame portions output fromthe RS frame encoders 112-1-112-M, and outputs a primary RS frameportion and a secondary RS frame portion. In this case, only the primaryRS frame portion may be output according to a setting condition of theframe mode.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an RS frame encoderwhich is one of the RS frame encoders 112-1-112-M. Referring to FIG. 6,the frame encoder 112 includes a plurality of M/H randomizers 112-1 aand 112-1 b, a plurality of RS-CRC encoders 112-2 a and 112-2 b, and aplurality of RS frame dividers 112-3 a and 112-3 b.

If the primary M/H ensemble and the secondary M/H ensemble are inputfrom the input de-multiplexer 111, each of the M/H randomizers 112-1 aand 112-1 b performs randomization and each of the RS-CRC encoders 112-2a and 112-2 b RS-CRC encodes the randomized data. Each of the RS framedividers 112-3 a and 112-3 b divides data to be block-codedappropriately and outputs the data to the output multiplexer 113 so thatthe block processor 120 disposed at a rear end of the frame encoder 110block-codes the data appropriately. The output multiplexer 113multiplexes frame portions by combining them appropriately and outputsthe frame portions to the block processor 120 so that the blockprocessor 120 block-codes the data.

The block processor 120 codes the stream output from the frame encoder110 in the unit of a block, that is, block-codes the stream.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the block processor120.

Referring to FIG. 7, the block processor 120 includes a first converter121, a byte-to-bit converter 122, a convolutional encoder 123, a symbolinterleaver 124, a symbol-to-byte converter 125, and a second converter126.

The first converter 121 converts the RS frame input from the frameencoder 110 in the unit of the block. That is, the first converter 121combines mobile data in the RS frame according to a predetermined blockmode and outputs a serially concatenated convolutional code (SCCC)block.

For example, if the block mode is “00”, a single M/H block becomes asingle SCCC block as it is.

FIG. 8 is a view illustrating mobile data which is divided into M/Hblocks in the unit of a block. Referring to FIG. 8, a single mobile dataunit, for example, an M/H group, may be divided into 10 blocks (B1 toB10). If the block mode is “00”, each block B1 to B10 is output as aSCCC block. On the other hand, if the block mode is “01”, two M/H blocksare combined and output as a single SCCC block. The combination patternmay be set variously. For example, blocks B1 and B6 may be combined toform block SCB1, and blocks B2 and B7, blocks B3 and B8, blocks B4 andB9, and blocks B5 and B10 are combined to form blocks SCB2, SCB3, SCB4,and SCB5, respectively. The blocks may be combined in various ways andthe number of combined blocks may be different according to other blockmodes.

The byte-to-bit converter 122 converts the SCCC block from a byte unitto a bit unit. This is because that the convolutional encoder 123 isoperated in a bit unit. Accordingly, the convolutional encoder 123convolutional-encodes the converted data.

After that, the symbol interleaver 124 performs symbol interleaving. Thesymbol interleaving may be performed in the same way as in a blockinterleaving. The symbol-interleaved data is converted into the byteunit by the symbol-to-byte converter 125, is re-converted into an M/Hblock unit by the second converter 126, and is output.

The group formatter 130 receives the stream processed by the blockprocessor 120 and formats the stream in the unit of a group.Specifically, the group formatter 130 maps the data output from theblock processor 120 into an appropriate location in the stream, and addsknown data, signaling data, and initialization data to the stream. Thegroup formatter 130 may add a place holder byte for normal data, anMPEG-2 header, and a non-systematic RS parity, and a dummy byte toconform to a group format.

The signaling data indicates a variety of information for processing thetransport stream. The signaling data may be appropriately processed bythe signaling encoder 150 and may be provided to the group formatter130.

To transmit mobile data, a transmission parameter channel (TPC) and afast information channel (FIC) may be used. The TPC is to providevarious parameters such as forward error correction (FEC) modeinformation and M/H frame information, and the FIC is to obtain a fastservice of the receiver and includes cross-layer information between aphysical layer and an upper layer. If the TPC information and the FICinformation are provided to the signaling encoder 150, the signalingencoder 150 processes the information appropriately and provides theinformation as signaling data.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the signalingencoder 150.

Referring to FIG. 9, the signaling encoder 150 includes an RS encoder151 for a TPC, a multiplexer 152, an RS encoder 153 for an FIC, a blockinterleaver 154, a signaling randomizer 155, and a parallel concatenatedconvolutional code (PCCC) encoder 156. The RS encoder 151 for the TPCRS-encodes input TPC data and forms a TPC code word. The RS encoder 153for the FIC and the block interleaver 154 RS-encodes andblock-interleaves input FIC data and forms an FIC code word. Themultiplexer 152 places the FIC code word after the TPC code word,thereby forming a series of sequences. The sequences are randomized bythe signaling randomizer 155, are PCCC-coded by the PCCC encoder 156,and are output to the group formatter 130 as signaling data.

The known data refers to a sequence that is commonly known to thedigital broadcast transmitter and the digital broadcast receiver asdescribed above. The group formatter 130 inserts the known data into anappropriate location according to a control signal provided from aseparately provided element (for example, the controller 310), so thatthe known data is placed in an appropriate location of the stream afterbeing interleaved by the exciter unit 400. For example, the known datamay be inserted into an appropriate location so that the known data canbe placed in region B of the stream configuration of section (B) ofFIG. 1. The group formatter 130 may determine a known data insertionlocation by itself, considering an interleaving rule.

The initialization data refers to data that is used by a trellisencoding unit 450 (e.g., trellis encoder) of the exciter unit 400 toinitialize internal memories of the trellis encoding unit 450 at anappropriate time. This will be explained in detail when the exciter unit400 is explained.

The group formatter 130 may include a group format configuration unit toconfigure the stream in a group format by inserting various regions andsignals into the stream as described above, and a data de-interleaver tode-interleave the stream configured in the group format.

The data de-interleaver re-arranges data in the reverse order of that ofan interleaver 430 which is disposed at a rear end of the stream. Thestream de-interleaved by the data de-interleaver may be provided to thepacket formatter 140.

The packet formatter 140 removes various place holders provided in thestream by the group formatter 130 and adds an MPEG header having a PID,which is a packet ID of mobile data. Accordingly, the packet formatter140 outputs the stream in the unit of a predetermined number of packetsfor every group. For example, 118 TS packets may be output.

As described above, the data pre-processor 100 is realized in variousconfigurations and configures the mobile data in an appropriate format.In particular, if a plurality of mobile services are provided, thenumber of elements included in the data pre-processor 100 may be plural.

The multiplexer 200 multiplexes a normal stream processed by the normalprocessor 320 and a mobile stream processed by the data pre-processor100, thereby configuring a transport stream. The transport stream outputfrom the multiplexer 200 may include the normal data and the mobile dataand may further include known data to improve reception performance.

The exciter unit 400 performs encoding, interleaving, trellis encoding,and modulation with respect to the transport stream configured by themultiplexer 200, and outputs the transport stream. In some cases, theexciter unit 400 may be referred to as a data post-processor.

Referring to FIG. 4, the exciter unit 400 (e.g., exciter) includes arandomizer 410, an RS encoder 420, an interleaver 430, a parityreplacing unit 440 (e.g., parity replacer), a trellis encoding unit 450(e.g., trellis encoder), an RS re-encoder 460, a sync multiplexer 470, apilot insertion unit 480 (e.g., pilot inserter), an 8-VSB modulator 490,and an RF up converter 495.

The randomizer 410 randomizes the transport stream output from themultiplexer 200. The randomizer 410 performs the same function as thatof a randomizer according to the ATSC standard.

The randomizer 410 may XOR-calculate the MPEG header of the mobile dataand the entire normal data with a maximum 16-bit length pseudo randombinary sequence (PRBS), but may not XOR-calculate a payload byte of themobile data. However, in this case, a PRBS generator may continue toshift a shift register. That is, the randomizer 410 bypasses a payloadbyte of the mobile data.

The RS encoder 420 performs RS encoding with respect to the randomizedstream.

Specifically, if a portion corresponding to the normal data is input,the RS encoder 420 performs systematic RS encoding in the same way as ina related-art ATSC system. That is, the RS encoder 420 adds a 20-byteparity to an end portion of each of the packets of 187 bytes. On theother hand, if a portion corresponding to the mobile data is input, theRS encoder 420 performs non-systematic RS encoding. In this case,20-byte RS FEC data, which is obtained by the non-systematic RSencoding, is placed in a predetermined parity byte location in eachmobile data packet. Accordingly, the transmitter can have compatibilitywith a related-art ATSC standard receiver.

The interleaver 430 interleaves the stream encoded by the RS encoder420. The interleaving may be performed in the same way as that of arelated-art ATSC system. That is, the interleaver 430 writes and readsdata, while selecting a plurality of paths, which include a differentnumber of shift registers, in sequence using a switch, so thatinterleaving is performed as much as the number of shift registers onthe path.

The parity replacing unit 440 corrects the parity which is changed dueto the memory initialization performed by the trellis encoding unit 450at the rear end.

That is, the trellis encoding unit 450 receives the interleaved streamand performs trellis encoding with respect to the stream. The trellisencoding unit 450 may use 12 trellis encoders. Accordingly, in thiscase, a de-multiplexer to divide the stream into 12 independent streamsand input the streams into each trellis encoder, and a multiplexer tocombine the streams trellis-encoded by the trellis encoders to form asingle stream are used.

Each of the trellis encoders performs trellis encoding in a manner so asto logic-calculate a newly input value and a value pre-stored in aninternal memory using a plurality of internal memories and to output avalue.

As described above, the transport stream may include known data. Theknown data is a known sequence that is commonly known to the digitalbroadcast transmitter and the digital broadcast receiver. The digitalbroadcast receiver may determine a degree of error correction byidentifying a state of the received known data. That is, the known datashould be transmitted the way the receiver knows. However, since thevalue stored in the internal memory provided in the trellis encoder isnot known, the internal memory is to be initialized to have a certainvalue before the known data is input. Accordingly, the trellis encodingunit 450 initializes the memory prior to trellis-encoding the knowndata. The memory initialization may be referred to as trellis reset.

FIG. 10 is a view illustrating an example of one of the pluralitytrellis encoders provided in the trellis encoding unit 450.

Referring to 10, the trellis encoder includes first and secondmultiplexers 451 and 452, first and second adders 453 and 454, first tothird memories 455, 456, and 457, and a mapper 458.

The first multiplexer 451 receives data N in the stream and a value Istored in the first memory 455, and outputs one value, that is, N or I,according to a control signal N/I. Specifically, a control signal whichcontrols to select I when a value corresponding to an initializationdata section is input is applied so that the first multiplexer 451outputs I. In the other sections, N is output. Likewise, the secondmultiplexer 452 outputs I only when the value corresponding to theinitialization data section is input.

Accordingly, the first multiplexer 451 outputs the interleaved value toa rear end as it is when a section other than the initialization datasection is input, and the output value is input to the first adder 453along with a value pre-stored in the first memory 455. The first adder453 performs a logic operation, that is, an exclusive OR with respect tothe input values, and outputs Z2. In this state, if the initializationdata section is input, the value stored in the first memory 455 isselected by the first multiplexer 451 as it is and is output.Accordingly, since the two same values are input to the first adder 453,a logic operation value is always a constant value. That is, if theexclusive OR is performed, 0 is output. Since the output value of thefirst adder 453 is input to the first memory 455 as it is, the firstmemory 455 is initialized to have a value of 0.

If the initialization data section is input, the second multiplexer 452selects a value stored in the third memory 457 as it is and outputs thevalue. The output value is input to the second adder 454 along with thevalue stored in the third memory 457. The second adder 454 performs alogic operation with respect to the two same values and outputs aresulting value to the second memory 456. As described above, since theinput values of the second adder 454 are the same, a logic operationvalue for the same values, for example, 0 in the case of the exclusiveOR is input to the second memory 456. Accordingly, the second memory 456is initialized. The value stored in the second memory 456 is shifted andis stored in the third memory 457. Accordingly, when next initializationdata is input, a current value of the second memory 456, that is, 0 isinput to the third memory 457 as it as and thus the third memory 457 isalso initialized.

The mapper 458 receives the output value of the first adder 453, theoutput value of the second multiplexer 452, and the output value of thesecond memory 456, and maps the values to a corresponding symbol value Rand outputs the symbol value. For instance, if Z0, Z1, and Z2 are outputas 0, 1, and 0, respectively, the mapper 458 outputs a −3 symbol.

Since the RS encoder 420 is located before the trellis encoder 450, thevalue input to the trellis encoder 450 contains a parity already addedthereto. Therefore, as the trellis encoder 450 performs initializationand thus some value of the data are changed, the parity should also bechanged.

The RS re-encoder 460 changes the value of the initialization datasection using X1′ and X2′ which are output from the trellis encodingunit 450, thereby generating a new parity. The RS re-encoder 460 may bereferred to as a non-systematic RS encoder.

Although the memory is initialized to have a value of 0 in FIG. 10, thememory may be initialized to have a value other than 0 in otherexemplary embodiments.

FIG. 11 is a view illustrating another example of the trellis encoder.

Referring to FIG. 11, the trellis encoder may include first and secondmultiplexers 451 and 452, first to fourth adders 453, 454, 459-1, and459-2, and first to third memories 455, 456, and 457. The mapper 458 isomitted from FIG. 11.

Specifically, the first multiplexer 451 may output one of a stream inputvalue X2 and a value of the third adder 459-1. A value I_X2 and astorage value of the first memory 455 are input to the third adder459-1. The value I_X2 refers to a memory reset value input from anexternal source. For example, if the first memory 455 is to beinitialized to have a value of 1, the value I_X2 is input as 1. If thestorage value of the first memory 455 is 0, the output value of thethird adder 459-1 is 1 and the first multiplexer 451 outputs 1.Accordingly, the first adder 453 performs an exclusive OR with respectto the output value of the first multiplexer 451, 1, and the storagevalue of the first memory 455, 0, and stores a resulting value, 1, inthe first memory 455. As a result, the first memory 455 is initializedto have the value of 1.

If the initialization data section is input, the second multiplexer 452selects an output value of the fourth adder 459-2 and outputs the value.The fourth adder 459-2 outputs a memory reset value I_X1 externallyinput and an exclusive OR value of the third memory 457. For example, if1 and 0 are stored in the second and the third memories 456 and 457,respectively, and the two memories are to be initialized to have valuesof 1 and 1, respectively, the second multiplexer 452 outputs anexclusive OR value 1 of the value of 0 stored in the third memory 457and the I_XI value of 1. The second adder 454 performs an exclusive ORwith respect to the output value of 1 and the value of 0 stored in thethird memory 457, and inputs a resulting value of 1 to the second memory456. The value of 1 originally stored in the second memory 456 isshifted to the third memory 457 so that the value of the third memory457 is 1. In this state, if the second I_X1 is input as 1, an exclusiveOR operation is performed with respect to the I_XI and the value of 1 ofthe third memory 457, and a resulting value of 0 is output from thesecond multiplexer 452. If the second adder 454 performs an exclusive ORwith respect to the value of 0 output from the second multiplexer 452and the value of 1 stored in the third memory 457, a resulting value of1 is input to the second memory 456 and the value of 1 stored in thesecond memory 456 is shifted to the third memory 457 and stored in thethird memory 457. As a result, the second and the third memories 456 and457 are initialized to have the value of 1.

FIGS. 12 and 13 are views illustrating the trellis encoder according tovarious exemplary embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 12, the trellis encoder further includes third andfourth multiplexers 459-3 and 459-4 in addition to the elements of FIG.11. The third and the fourth multiplexers 459-3 and 459-4 may outputvalues of the first and the second adders 453 and 454 or values I_X2 andI_X1 according to a control signal N/I. Accordingly, the first to thethird memories 455, 456, and 457 can be initialized to have desiredvalues.

FIG. 13 illustrates the trellis encoder in a simplified configuration.Referring to FIG. 13, the trellis encoder may include first and secondadders 453 and 454, first to third memories 455, 456, 457, and third andfourth multiplexers 459-3 and 459-4. Accordingly, the first to the thirdmemories 455,456,457 may be initialized according to values I_X1 andI_X2 input to the third and the fourth multiplexers 459-3 and 459-4,respectively. That is, referring to FIG. 13, the values I_X2 and I_X1are input to the first memory 455 and the second memory 456 as they areand become values of the first memory 455 and the second memory 456.

Referring back to FIG. 4, a field sync and a segment sync are added, bythe sync multiplexer 470, to the stream trellis-encoded by the trellisencoding unit 450.

As described above, if the data pre-processor 100 places the mobile datain the packets allocated to the existing normal data and uses the mobiledata, the digital broadcast transmitter may inform the receiver of thepresence of new mobile data. The presence of new mobile data may benotified in various ways. One of the various ways uses a field sync.This will be described in detail below.

The pilot insertion unit 480 inserts a pilot to the transport streamprocessed by the sync multiplexer 470, and the 8-VSB modulator 490performs modulation in an 8-VSB modulating method. The RF up-converter495 converts the modulated stream into an upper RF band signal fortransmission, and transmits the converted signal through an antenna.

As described above, the transport stream may be transmitted to thereceiver with the normal data, the mobile data, and the known data beingincluded therein.

FIG. 14 is a view to explain a mobile data frame of the transportstream, that is, a unit configuration of an M/H frame. Referring tosection (a) of FIG. 14, one M/H frame is 968 ms long in a time unit, andis divided into 5 sub-frames as shown in section (b) of FIG. 14. Onesub-frame may have a time unit of 193.6 ms. Also, as shown in section(c) of FIG. 14, each sub-frame may be divided into 16 slots. Each slotmay have a time unit of 12.1 ms and may include 156 transport streampackets in total. As described above, 38 of the entire transport streampackets are allocated to the normal data and 118 packets are allocatedto the mobile data. That is, one M/H group may include 118 packets.

In this state, the data pre-processor 100 may place the mobile data andthe known data in the packets allocated to the normal data, therebyimproving transmission efficiency of the mobile data and improvingreception performance.

[Various Exemplary Embodiments of Changed Transport Stream]

FIGS. 15 to 21 are views illustrating a transport stream configurationaccording to various exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 15 illustrates a simplest modified configuration, that is, a streamconfiguration which is interleaved with the mobile data being placed inthe packets allocated to the normal data, that is, a second region. Inthe stream of FIG. 15, the known data may be placed in the second regionalong with the mobile data.

Therefore, a portion that is not used for mobile data in a related-artATSC-MH, that is, 38 packets, may be used for mobile data. Since thesecond region is used independently from an existing mobile data region(that is, the first region), one or more services can be additionallyprovided. If new mobile data is used for the same service as that of theexisting mobile data, data transmission efficiency can be furtherimproved.

On the other hand, if the new mobile data and the known data are to betransmitted as shown in FIG. 15, the presence of the new mobile data andthe known data and locations of the new mobile data and the known datamay be notified to the receiver using signaling data or a field sync.

The mobile data and the known data may be placed by the datapre-processor 100. Specifically, the group formatter 130 of the datapre-processor 100 may place the mobile data and the known data in the 38packets.

It can be seen from FIG. 15 that known data of a 6-long trainingsequence format is placed in a body region where existing mobile dataare gathered. It can be also seen that the signaling data is placedbetween the first and the second long training sequences to achieveerror robustness of the signaling data. On the other hand, the knowndata may be placed in the packets allocated to the normal data in adistributed format as well as the long training sequence format.

In FIG. 15, a hatched region indicated by reference numeral 1510indicates an MPEG header portion, a hatched area indicated by referencenumeral 1520 indicates an RS parity region, a hatched area indicated byreference numeral 1530 indicates a dummy region, a hatched areaindicated by reference numeral 1540 indicates signaling data, and ahatched area indicated by reference numeral 1550 indicatesinitialization data. Referring to FIG. 15, the initialization data isplaced before the known data appears. Reference numeral 1400 indicatesN−1th slot M/H data, reference numeral 1500 indicates Nth slot M/H data,and reference numeral 1600 indicates N+1th slot M/H data.

FIG. 16 illustrates a transport stream configuration to transmit mobiledata and known data using packets allocated to normal data, that is, asecond region, and a part of a first region allocated to existing mobiledata.

Referring to FIG. 16, in region A, that is, a body region where theexisting mobile data are gathered, the known data of the 6-long trainingsequence format is placed. Also, in region B, the known data is placedin the long training sequence format. The known data is included in someof the 118 packets allocated to the existing mobile data as well as the38 packets, in order to be placed in region B in the long trainingsequence format. The new mobile data is placed in the remaining regionof the 38 packets that do not include the known data. Accordingly, errorcorrection performance of region B can be improved.

As the known data is newly added to a part of the region for theexisting mobile data, it is possible to add information on a location ofthe new known data to existing signaling data for the sake ofcompatibility with an existing mobile data receiver, or to process aheader of an existing mobile packet to which the new known data isinserted to have a format that is not recognizable by the existingmobile data receiver, for example, a null packet format. Accordingly,since the existing mobile data receiver does not recognize the newlyadded known data, a malfunction does not occur.

FIG. 17 illustrates a stream configuration in which at least one ofmobile data and known data is placed in an MPEG header, an RS parity, atleast a part of a dummy, and existing MH data. In this case, a pluralityof new mobile data may be placed according to a location.

That is, in comparison with FIG. 15, FIG. 17 indicates that new mobiledata and new known data are formed in the MPEG header, the RS parity,and a part of the dummy. The mobile data inserted into these portionsand the mobile data inserted into the normal data packets may bedifferent data or the same data.

The new mobile data may be placed in the existing mobile data region inaddition to these portions.

If the stream is configured as shown in FIG. 17, transmission efficiencyof the mobile data and the known data can be further improved incomparison with FIGS. 15 and 16. In particular, a plurality of mobiledata services can be provided.

If the stream is configured as shown in FIG. 17, new signaling data isincluded in the new mobile data region using existing signaling data anda field sync, so as to notify whether the new mobile data is included ornot.

FIG. 18 illustrates a stream configuration in which new mobile data andknown data are placed in region B, that is, a first region correspondingto a secondary service region, as well as a second region.

As shown in FIG. 18, the entire stream is divided into a primary serviceregion and a secondary service region. The primary service region may bereferred to as a body region and the secondary service region may bereferred to as a head/tail region. As described above, since thehead/tail region does not include known data and data of different slotsco-exists, the performance of the head/tail region deteriorates incomparison with that of the body region. Thus, the known data may beplaced and used in this portion along with the new mobile data. Theknown data may be placed in a long training sequence format as in thebody region. However, this should not be considered as limiting. Theknown data may be placed in a distributed format or may be placed inboth the long training sequence format and the distributed format.

As the existing mobile data portion is used as a new mobile data region,a header of a packet of a portion of the existing mobile data regionincluding the new mobile data or the known data is configured in aformat that is not recognizable by the existing receiver, so thatcompatibility with the receiver according to the related art ATSC-MHstandard can be maintained.

Also, the above fact may be notified through related art signaling dataor new signaling data.

FIG. 19 illustrates an example of a transport stream to transmit newmobile data and known data using all of the existing normal data region,the MPEG header, the RS parity region, at least a part of the dummy ofthe existing mobile data, and the existing mobile data region. FIG. 17illustrate a case in which new mobile data different from new mobiledata placed in the normal data region is transmitted in these regions,but FIG. 19 illustrates a case in which new mobile data is transmittedusing the normal data region and these regions altogether.

FIG. 20 illustrates a transport stream to transmit new mobile data andknown data using all of the entire B region, the normal data region, theMPEG header, the RS parity region, and at least a part of the dummy ofthe existing mobile data.

In this case, a portion including the new mobile data and the known datamay be processed so that the portion cannot be recognized for the sakeof compatibility with the existing receiver.

FIG. 21 illustrates a transport stream configuration in which a dummy ofa region used by existing mobile data is replaced with a parity or a newmobile data region, and mobile data and known data are placed using thereplaced dummy and the normal data region. In FIG. 21, a dummy of theN−1th slot and a dummy of the Nth slot are illustrated.

As described above, FIGS. 15 to 21 illustrate the stream configurationafter interleaving. The data pre-processor 100 places the mobile dataand the known data in appropriate locations to have the streamconfiguration shown in FIGS. 15 to 21 after interleaving.

Specifically, the data pre-processor 100 places a mobile data packet inthe normal data region, that is, in the 38 packets on the streamconfiguration shown in section (A) of FIG. 1 according to apredetermined pattern. In this case, the mobile data may be placed in anentire payload of the packet or may be in some region in the packet.Also, the mobile data may be placed in a region located in a head or atail of the existing mobile region after interleaving, as well as thenormal data region.

The known data may be placed in each mobile data packet or normal datapacket. In this case, the known data may be placed continuously in avertical direction or at a predetermined interval as shown in section(A) of FIG. 1, so that the known data has a format of a long trainingsequence or a similar long training sequence in a horizontal directionafter interleaving.

The known data may be placed in a distributed format besides the longtraining sequence format as described above. Hereinafter, variousexamples of a placing pattern of the known data will be explained.

[Placement of Known Data]

As described above, the known data is placed in an appropriate locationby the group formatter 130 of the data pre-processor 100 and then isinterleaved by the interleaver 430 of the exciter unit 400 along withthe stream. FIGS. 22 to 28 are views to explain a method for placingknown data according to various exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 22 illustrates a body portion in which distributed known data isplaced along with an existing long training sequence, and a head/tailregion in which known data is additionally placed in a conical portion.As described above, known data is newly added while existing known datais maintained as it is so that synchronization and channel estimationperformance and equalization performance of the receiver can beimproved.

The placement of the known data shown in FIG. 22 is performed by thegroup formatter 130 as described above. The group formatter 130 maydetermine an insertion location of the known data considering aninterleaving rule of the interleaver 430. The interleaving rule may bedifferent according to various exemplary embodiments. However, if theinterleaving rule is known, the group formatter 130 may determine alocation of the known data appropriately. For example, if known data ofa predetermined size is inserted into a part of a payload or aseparately provided field in every 4 packets, known data distributed ina regular pattern can be obtained through interleaving.

FIG. 23 illustrates a stream configuration showing an example of anothermethod of inserting known data.

Referring to FIG. 23, distributed known data is not placed in a conicalregion and is placed only in a body region along with a long trainingsequence.

FIG. 24 illustrates a stream configuration in which a length of a longtraining sequence is reduced in comparison with that of FIG. 23 anddistributed known data is placed as much as the reduced number ofsequences. Accordingly, Doppler tracking performance can be improved,while data efficiency is maintained the same.

FIG. 25 illustrates a stream configuration showing an example of stillanother method of inserting known data.

Referring to FIG. 25, only a first sequence from among 6 long trainingsequences in a body region is maintained as it is, and the remainingsequences are replaced with distributed known data. Accordingly, initialsynchronization and channel estimation performance can be maintained bythe first long training sequence starting the body region, and also, theDoppler tracking performance can be improved.

FIG. 26 illustrates a stream configuration showing an example of stillanother method of inserting known data. Referring to FIG. 26, a secondsequence from among the 6 long training sequences is replaced withdistributed known data.

FIG. 27 illustrates the stream configuration of FIG. 26, in which knowndata replaced in a distributed format is placed alternately along withsignaling data.

FIG. 28 illustrates a stream configuration in which distributed knowndata is added to a tail region as well as a head region.

As described above, the known data may be placed in various formats.

If mobile data is newly allocated to packets allocated to normal data,the allocating pattern may be variously changed. Hereinafter, aconfiguration of a transport stream including mobile data placed invarious ways according to a mode will be explained.

[Placement of Mobile Data]

The data pre-processor 100 identifies a setting condition of a framemode. The frame mode may be set variously. For example, the frame modemay include a first frame mode in which packets allocated to normal dataare used for normal data as they is and only the packets allocated toexisting mobile data are used for mobile data, and a second frame modein which at least some of the packets allocated to normal data are alsoused for mobile data. The frame mode may be arbitrarily set consideringa digital broadcast transmission provider's intention and a transmissionand reception environment.

If the first frame mode in which normal data is placed in all of thepackets allocated to the normal data is set, the data pre-processor 100places mobile data only in the packets allocated to the mobile data inthe same way as that of a related-art ATSC-MH standard.

On the other hand, if the second frame is set, the data pre-processor100 determines a setting condition of the mode again. The mode indicatesin what pattern the mobile data is placed in the packets allocated tothe normal data, that is, the second region or in how many packets themobile data is placed, and various modes are provided according to anexemplary embodiment.

Specifically, the mode may be set to one of a mode in which mobile datais placed in only some of the packet allocated to normal data, a mode inwhich mobile data is placed in all of the packets allocated to normaldata, and an incompatible mode in which mobile data is placed in all ofthe packets allocated to normal data and the mobile data is also placedin an RS parity region and a header region, which are provided for thesake of compatibility with a receiver to receive the normal data. Inthis case, the mode in which the mobile data is placed in only some ofthe packets may be divided into a mode in which a data region of somepacket, that is, an entire payload region is utilized for the mobiledata and a mode in which only a part of the payload region is utilizedfor the mobile data.

Specifically, if 38 packets correspond to a second region allocated tonormal data, the mode includes:

-   -   1) a first mode in which new mobile data is placed in 11 packets        from among the 38 packets allocated to the normal data;    -   2) a second mode in which new mobile data is placed in 20        packets from among the 38 packets allocated to the normal data;    -   3) a third mode in which new mobile data is placed in 29 packets        from among the 38 packets allocated to the normal data;    -   4) a fourth mode in which new mobile data is placed in all of        the 38 packets allocated to the normal data; and    -   5) a fifth mode in which new mobile data is placed in all of the        38 packets allocated to the normal data and a region        corresponding to the MPEG header and the parity from among the        region allocated to existing mobile data.

As described above, the fifth mode may be called an incompatible modeand the first to the fourth modes may be called a compatible mode. Atype of the compatible mode and the number of packets in each mode maybe variously changed.

FIG. 29 illustrates a stream configuration in which mobile data andknown data are placed by the group formatter 130 according to the firstmode in an exemplary embodiment in which new mobile data is transmittedusing the second region and the head/tail region.

Referring to FIG. 29, new mobile data 2950 and known data 2960 areplaced in the second region in a predetermined pattern, and also, thenew mobile data and the known data are placed in a portion 2950corresponding to the head/tail region besides the second region.

It can be seen that the MPEG header 2910, the known data 2920, thesignaling data 2930, the existing mobile data 2940, and the dummy 2970are arranged on the stream in a vertical direction. In such a state, anempty space in the second region is filled with the normal data and thena stream configuration shown in FIG. 30 is generated by encoding andinterleaving.

FIG. 30 illustrates a stream configuration in an interleaved state inthe first mode.

Referring to FIG. 30, new mobile data 3010 and known data 3030 areplaced in a part of a packet region allocated to normal data. Inparticular, the known data is arranged discontinuously in the secondregion, thereby forming a similar long training sequence format to along training sequence of the body region.

The mobile data 2950 placed in a portion corresponding to the head/tailregion in FIG. 29 corresponds to the mobile data 3020 placed in thehead/tail region of FIG. 30, and the known data 2955 placed along withthe mobile data 2950 forms the known data 3030 of the similar longtraining sequence format along with the known data in the second regionof FIG. 30.

FIG. 31 illustrates a stream configuration in which mobile data andknown data are placed by the group formatter 130 according to the secondmode in an exemplary embodiment in which new mobile data is transmittedusing the second region and the head/tail region.

FIG. 31 illustrates an increased ratio of mobile data included in thesecond region in comparison with FIG. 29. It can be seen that a portionoccupied by mobile data and known data increases in FIG. 31 incomparison with FIG. 29.

FIG. 32 illustrates the stream of FIG. 31 in an interleaved state.Referring to FIG. 32, the known data in the second region forms asimilar long training sequence more densely than in the known data inthe second region of FIG. 30.

FIG. 33 illustrates a stream configuration in which mobile data andknown data are placed by the group formatter 130 according to the thirdmode in an exemplary embodiment in which new mobile data is transmittedusing the second region and the head/tail region. FIG. 34 illustratesthe stream of FIG. 33 in an interleaved state.

There is no additional features in FIGS. 33 and 34 except for thatmobile data and known data are more densely placed in comparison tomodes 1 and 2, and thus a detailed description is omitted.

FIG. 35 illustrates a stream configuration in the fourth mode which usesan entire normal data region in an exemplary embodiment in which all ofthe packets allocated to the normal data and the packet region allocatedto existing mobile data and corresponding to the head/tail region areused.

Referring to FIG. 35, known data is arranged in the second region and asurrounding region of the second region in a vertical direction, and theother region is filled with new mobile data.

FIG. 36 illustrates the stream of FIG. 35 in an interleaved state.Referring to FIG. 36, the head/tail region and the entire normal dataregion are filled with new mobile data and known data, and, inparticular, the known data is arranged in a long training sequenceformat.

The known data is inserted into these regions repeatedly little bylittle by a plurality of pattern periods, so that the known data becomesdistributed known data after interleaving.

FIG. 37 is a view to explain a method of inserting new mobile data intothe second region, that is, the packets allocated to normal data (forexample, 38 packets) in various modes. For the convenience ofexplanation, the new mobile data is referred to as ATSC mobile 1.1 data(or 1.1 version data) and the existing mobile data is referred to asATSC mobile 1.0 data (or 1.0 version data) hereinafter.

First, a) in the first mode, the 1.1 version data is placed in aninitial packet and a final packet, respectively, and one 1.1 packet and3 normal data packets are repeatedly inserted into the packets betweenthe initial packet and the final packet. Accordingly, 11 packets intotal may be used to transmit the 1.1 version data, that is, the newmobile data.

Next, b) in the second mode, the 1.1 version data is placed in theinitial packet and the final packet likewise, and one 1.1 packet and onenormal data packet are alternately inserted into the packets between theinitial packet and the final packet. Accordingly, 20 packets in totalmay be used to transmit the 1.1 version data, that is, the new mobiledata.

Next, c) in the third mode, the 1.1 version data is placed in theinitial packet and the final packet likewise and three 1.1 packets andone normal data packet are repeatedly inserted into the packets betweenthe initial packet and the final packet.

Next, d) in the fourth mode, all of the packets corresponding to thesecond region are used to transmit the 1.1 version data.

The fourth mode may be realized by a compatible mode in which only thepackets corresponding to the second region are used to transmit the 1.1version data or an incompatible mode in which not only the packetscorresponding to the second region but also the MPEG header and theparity region provided for compatibility with a normal data receiver arefilled with the 1.1 version data. The incompatible mode may be providedas a separate fifth mode.

The first to the fourth modes may correspond to use of 1/4, 2/4, 3/4,and 4/4 of the entire packets of the second region to transmit themobile data, respectively. However, the total number of packets is 38,which is not a multiple of 4, and thus some packet are fixed as a packetto transmit new mobile data or normal data and the remaining packets areclassified according to the above ratios, so that the modes areclassified. That is, as explained in a), b), and c) above, 36 packets,which are 38 packets minus a predetermined number of packets, that is, 2packets, may include the 1.1 data at the ratio of 1/4, 2/4, and 3/4.

FIG. 38 is a view to explain a mobile data placing pattern in adifferent mode.

Referring to FIG. 38, two 1.1 version data are placed in intermediatepackets, which are located in the middle of the stream of all packets inthe second region, that is, 38 packets, and 1.1 version data and normaldata are placed in the other packets according to a ratio defined ineach mode.

That is, a) in a first mode, with respect to the packets except for thetwo packets in the middle portion, 3 normal data packets and one 1.1version data packet are repeatedly placed in the upper portion and one1.1 version data packet and 3 normal data packets are repeatedly placedin the lower portion.

b) In a second mode, with respect to the packets except for the twopackets in the middle portion, two normal data packets and two 1.1version data packets are repeatedly placed in the upper portion and two1.1 version data packets and two normal data packets are repeatedlyplaced in the lower portion.

c) In a third mode, with respect to the packets except for the twopackets in the middle portion, one normal data packet and three 1.1version data packets are repeatedly placed in the upper portion andthree 1.1 version data packets and one normal data packet are repeatedlyplaced in the lower portion.

d) In a fourth mode, 1.1 version data is placed in all of the packets.This is the same as in the fourth mode of FIG. 37.

Next, FIG. 39 illustrates an exemplary embodiment in which 1.1 versiondata is placed from a middle packet to upper and lower packets insequence with reference to a location on a stream.

That is, a) in a first mode of FIG. 39, 11 packets from among the entirepackets of the second region are placed from the middle portion upwardlyand downwardly in sequence.

b) In a second mode of FIG. 39, 20 packets in total are placed from themiddle portion upwardly and downwardly in sequence. c) In a third modeof FIG. 39, 30 packets in total are placed from the middle portionupwardly and downwardly in sequence. d) In a fourth mode of FIG. 39, allof the packets are filled with 1.1 version data.

FIG. 40 illustrates a stream configuration according to an exemplaryembodiment in which mobile data is placed from upper and lower packetsto a middle portion in sequence in an order opposite to that of FIG. 39.Also, in FIG. 40, the number of new mobile data packets in first tofourth modes is differently set from those of the aforementionedexemplary embodiments.

That is, a) in a first mode of FIG. 40, four 1.1 version data packetsare placed from an upper packet downwardly and four 1.1 version datapackets are placed from a lower packet upwardly. That is, eight 1.1version data packets in total are placed.

b) In a second mode, eight 1.1 version data packets are placed from theupper packet downwardly and eight 1.1 version data packets are placedfrom the lower packet upwardly. That is, sixteen 1.1 version datapackets in total are placed.

c) In a third mode, twelve 1.1 version data packets are placed from theupper packet downwardly and twelve 1.1 version data packets are placedfrom the lower packet upwardly. That is, 24 1.1 version data packets intotal are placed.

The remaining packets are filled with normal data. In a fourth mode, thepacket pattern is the same as in FIGS. 37, 38, and 39 and is omittedfrom FIG. 40.

Although a pattern of inserting known data is not illustrated in FIGS.37 to 40, the known data may be inserted into some region of the samepacket as that of the mobile data or may be inserted into some region ofa separate packet or an entire payload region. The method of insertingknown data has been described above and thus is omitted from FIGS. 37 to40.

In a fifth mode, that is, in an incompatible mode, new mobile data isadditionally filled in an RS parity region and a header region in anexisting mobile data region other than the normal data region, and thusthe fifth mode is omitted from FIGS. 37 to 40.

Although the above-described fifth mode may be a new mode separate fromthe forth mode, the fourth mode or the fifth mode may be combined withthe first to the third modes, so that four modes in total may berealized.

In FIGS. 37 to 40, the method of inserting new mobile data into thesecond region, that is, the packets allocated to normal data (forexample, 38 packets) in various modes has been described. The method ofplacing new mobile data in the packets allocated to the normal dataaccording to a predetermined mode is different according to the first tothe fourth modes as described above in FIGS. 37 to 40. The fourth modemay be realized by a mode in which only the 38 packets are filled withnew mobile data or a mode in which new mobile data is placed in the RSparity region and the header region in addition to the 38 packets. Also,as described above, the mode may include all of the first to the fifthmodes.

If a mode to determine how many packets from among the 38 packets areallocated to new mobile data and how blocks are configured in an M/Hgroup is a scalable mode, a) a scalable mode 00, b) a scalable mode 01,c) a scalable mode 10, and d) a scalable mode 11 are defined using asignal field of two bits in FIG. 37. Even if all of the 38 packets areallocated to the new mobile data as in d) of FIG. 37, 118 packets, whichare an existing mobile data region, and the 38 packets to which mobiledata is newly allocated may form a single M/H group.

In this case, two scalable modes are defined according to how blocks areconfigured in the M/H group. According to whether an entire transmissiondata rates of 19.4 Mbps is allocated to mobile data or not, an M/H grouphaving a different block configuration may be generated even if all ofthe 38 packets in one slot are allocated to the mobile data as shown inFIG. 37.

If the entire transmission data rate of 19.4 Mbps is allocated to themobile data, a normal data rate is 0 Mbps. In this case, a broadcastprovider does not consider a normal data receiver and considers only amobile data receiver. In this case, a region in which a placeholder forthe MPEG header and the RS parity, which remain for the sake ofcompatibility with an existing normal data receiver, exists is definedas a region for mobile data and a transmission capacity of the mobiledata may be increased to 21.5 Mbps.

In order to allocate the entire transmission data rate of 19.4 Mbps tothe mobile data, 156 packets of the M/H slots configuring the M/H frameshould be allocated to the mobile data. This means that 16 slots in eachM/H sub-frame are all set to the scalable mode 11. In this case, the 38packets, which correspond to the normal data region, are filled with themobile data, and additionally, a SB5 block corresponding to the regionin which the placeholder for the MPEG header and the RS parity of thebody region exists may be generated. If the 16 slots of the M/Hsub-frame are all set to the scalable mode 11 and an RS frame mode isset to 00 (single frame mode), the SB5 block does not exist separatelyand the placeholder corresponding to the SB5 is absorbed into M/H blocksB4, B5, B6, and B7. If the 16 slots of the M/H sub-frame are all set tothe scalable mode 11 and the RS frame mode is 01 (dual frame mode), theplaceholder located in the SB5 configures a block SB5. The placeholderregion for the RS parity which exists in the head/tail region other thanthe body region is also filled with the mobile data and the placeholderfor the RS parity is absorbed into a block to which a segment where theplaceholder for the RS parity exists belongs. A placeholder located in acorresponding segment of M/H blocks B8 and B9 is absorbed into SB1. Aplaceholder located in the first 14 segments of M/H block B10 isabsorbed into SB2. A placeholder located in the last 14 segments of M/Hblock B1 of the next slot is absorbed into SB3. A placeholder located incorresponding segments of M/H blocks B2 and B3 of the next slot isabsorbed into SB4. As shown in FIG. 20 described above, a region for theMPEG header and the RS parity does not exist in the group format afterinterleaving.

If none of the existing transmission data rate of 19.4 Mbps is allocatedto the mobile data, the normal data rate is not 0 Mbps. In this case, abroadcast provider provides services considering both a normal datareceiver and a mobile data receiver. In this case, to maintaincompatibility with an existing normal data receiver, the MPEG header andthe RS parity are not re-defined as mobile data and should betransmitted as they are. That is, as in the above-described compatiblemode, even if only some of the 38 packets are filled with new mobiledata or all of the 38 packets are filled with new mobile data, the MPEGheader and the RS parity are not filled with new mobile data.Accordingly, even if the 38 packets, which are a normal data region in acertain slot, are all filled with mobile data, a block SB5 correspondingto a region where the MPEG header and the RS parity of the body regionexist is not generated.

FIG. 57 illustrates a group format of a packet unit before interleavingconsidering compatibility if 38 packets, which are a normal data region,are all filled with mobile data. As in d) of FIGS. 37 to 40, all of the38 packets are allocated to the mobile data, but, as shown in FIG. 56,the region in which the MPEG header and the RS parity exist ismaintained in a group format of a segment unit after interleaving and aSB5 block region is not generated. Such a group format may be defined asa group format corresponding to the fourth mode or the scalable mode 11.Also, the fourth mode in which only the 38 packets are filled with thenew mobile data considering the compatibility may be referred to as ascalable mode 11a.

If the scalable mode 11, which is an incompatible mode, is used, a slotfilled with new mobile data in the other modes cannot be used. That is,all slots, that is, 0th-15th slots should be filled with new mobile dataaccording to the scalable mode 11. On the other hand, the first to thefourth modes may be used in combination.

As described above, the normal data region of each slot may be filledwith the mobile data in various formats. Accordingly, the format of theslot may vary according to the setting condition of the frame mode andthe mode.

If the four modes are provided as described above, slots in which mobiledata is placed in the first to the fourth modes may be referred to asfirst type slots to fourth type slots.

The digital broadcast transmitter may configure the same type slot inevery slot. However, on the contrary, the digital broadcast transmittermay configure a stream to have different types of slots repeated in theunit of a predetermined number of slots.

That is, as shown in FIG. 41, the data pre-processor 100 may placemobile data so that one first type slot and three zero type slots arerepeatedly placed. The zero type slot refers to a slot in which normaldata is allocated to packets allocated to normal data as it is.

Such types of slots may be defined using existing signaling data, forexample, a specific portion of a TPC or an FIC.

If the frame mode is set to 1 as described above, the mode may be set toone of the plurality of modes, the first to the fourth modes. The fourthmode may be the scalable mode 11 or the scalable mode 11a describedabove. Also, the fourth mode may include the scalable modes 11 and 11aand may be one of the five modes in total. The mode may be divided intoat least one compatible mode and an incompatible mode, that is, ascalable mode 11.

If the mode includes the first to the fourth modes according to anexemplary embodiment, slots corresponding to the modes may be referredto as 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 type slots.

That is, the 1-1 type slot refers to a slot in which 38 packets areallocated in the first mode, the 1-2 type slot refers to a slot in which38 packets are allocated in the second mode, the 1-3 type slot refers toa slot in which 38 packets are allocated in the third mode, and the 1-4type slot refers to a slot in which 38 packets are allocated in thefourth mode.

FIG. 42 illustrates examples of a stream in which various types of slotsare repeatedly placed.

Example 1 of FIG. 42 illustrates a stream in which the 0 type slot andthe 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 type slots are repeated in sequence.

Example 2 of FIG. 42 illustrates a stream in which the 1-4 type slot andthe 0 type slot are alternately repeated. As described above, the fourthmode is a mode in which the entire normal data region is filled withmobile data. Thus, in the entire normal data region of example 2, a slotused for mobile data and a slot used for normal data are alternatelyplaced.

As in examples 3, 4, and 5, various types of slots may be repeatedlyplaced in various ways. In particular, as in example 6, the entire slotsmay be incorporated into a single type, thereby configuring a stream.

FIG. 43 is a view illustrating a stream configuration according toexample 2 of FIG. 42. Referring to FIG. 43, in the 0 type slot, thenormal data region is used for normal data, and, in the first type slot,the entire normal data region is used for mobile and simultaneouslyknown data is placed in a long training sequence format. As describedabove, the types of the slots may be realized variously.

FIGS. 44 to 47 illustrate stream configurations to explain a method forallocating blocks in modes 1 to 4. As described above, each of the firstregion and the second region may be divided into a plurality of blocks.

The data pre-processor 100 may perform block coding in a unit of asingle block or combination of a plurality of blocks according to apredetermined block mode.

FIG. 44 illustrates block dividing in the first mode. Referring to FIG.44, the body region is divided into blocks B3-B8 and the head/tailregion is divided into blocks BN1-BN4.

FIGS. 45 and 46 illustrate block dividing in the second mode and thethird mode. Like in FIG. 44, each of the body region and the head/tailregion are divided into a plurality of blocks.

FIG. 47 illustrates block dividing in the fourth mode in which thehead/tail region is completely filled with mobile data. Since the normaldata region is completely filled with the mobile data, the MPEG headerof the body region and the parity of the normal data are redundant.These portions are defined as block BN5 in FIG. 47. Block BN5 is filledwith new mobile data in the incompatible mode and is used for the headerand the parity in the compatible mode. In comparison with FIGS. 44 to46, FIG. 47 illustrates the head/tail region divided into blocksBN1-BN5.

As described above, the block processor 120 of the data pre-processor100 converts an RS frame in a unit of a block and processes blocks. Thatis, as shown in FIG. 7, the block processor 120 includes the firstconverter 121, which combines mobile data in the RS frame according to apredetermined block mode, thereby outputting a serially concatenatedconvolutional code (SCCC) block.

The block mode may be set variously.

For example, if the block mode is set to 0, blocks BN1, BN2, BN3, BN4,and BN5 are output as a single SCCC block and serve as a unit of SCCCcoding.

On the other hand, if the block mode is set to 1, blocks are added,thereby configuring a SCCC block. Specifically, BN1+BN3=SCBN1 andBN2+BN4=SCBN2. Block BN5 may become block SCBN3.

Besides the mobile data placed in the second region, existing mobiledata placed in the first region may be block-coded by being incorporatedinto a single block or a plurality of blocks according to the blockmode. This is the same as a related-art ATSC-MH and thus a detaileddescription thereof is omitted.

Information on the block mode may be written on existing signaling dataor included in a region provided in new signaling data, and may benotified to the receiver. The receiver identifies the information on theblock mode and appropriately decodes the data, thereby recovering anoriginal stream.

As described above, data to be block-coded may be combined to configurean RS frame. That is, the frame encoder 110 in the data pre-processor100 generates an RS frame by combining frame portions so that the blockprocessor 120 can perform blocking coding appropriately.

Specifically, an RS frame 0 is generated by combining blocks SCBN1 andSCBN2 and an RS frame 1 is generated by combining blocks SCBN3 andSCBN4.

Also, the RS frame 0 may be generated by combining blocks SCBN1, SCBN2,SCBN3, and SCBN4 and the RS frame 1 may be generated by block SCBN5.

Also, a single RS frame may be generated by adding blocks SCBN1, SCBN2,SCBN3, SCBN4, and SCBN5.

Also, an RS frame may be generated by adding blocks corresponding toexisting mobile data and newly added blocks (SCBN1˜SCBN5).

FIG. 48 is a view to explain various methods of defining a start pointof an RS frame. Referring to FIG. 48, a transport stream is divided intoa plurality of blocks. In the related-art ATSC-MH, an RS frame isidentified between blocks BN2 and BN3. However, as mobile data and knowndata are inserted into the normal data region as in the presentexemplary embodiment, a start point of the RS frame may be differentlydefined.

For instance, the RS frame may start from a boundary between blocks BN1and B8, may start from a boundary between blocks BN2 and BN3 similarlyto a current reference point, or may start from a boundary betweenblocks B8 and BN1. The start point of the RS frame may be defineddifferently according to a combination condition of the block coding.

Configuration information of the above-described RS frame may beincluded in a region provided in existing signaling data or newsignaling data and may be notified to the receiver.

Since new mobile data and known data are inserted into a regionoriginally allocated to normal data and a region allocated to existingmobile data as described above, a variety of information is used tonotify this fact to the receiver. Such information may be transmittedusing a reserved bit in a TPC region according to the related-artATSC-MH standard, and also, a signaling data region is newly obtainedand new signaling data may be transmitted using that region. Since thenewly provided signaling region should be placed in the same location inevery mode, the new signaling region is placed in a head/tail portion.

FIG. 49 illustrates a stream configuration indicating a placementlocation of existing signaling data and a placement location of newsignaling data.

Referring to FIG. 49, the existing signaling data is located betweenlong training sequences of a body region and the new signaling data islocated in a head/tail region. The new signaling data encoded by thesignaling encoder 150 is inserted to a predetermined location shown inFIG. 49 by the group formatter 130.

The signaling encoder 150 may improve performance by using a codedifferent from that of a related-art signaling encoder or by performingcoding at a different code rate.

That is, the same data is transmitted two times using a 1/8 PCCC code inaddition to the existing RS code or using an RS+1/4 PCCC code so thatthe same effect as when a 1/8 rate PCCC code is used can be obtained.

Since the known data is included in the transport stream as describedabove, a memory in a trellis encoder should be initialized beforetrellis encoding is performed for the known data.

If a long training sequence is provided as in mode 4, it is possible toprocess a corresponding sequence by single initialization and thus thereis no big problem. However, if the known data is discontinuously placedas in the other modes, there is a problem that initialization should beperformed several times. Also, if the memory is initialized to have avalue of 0, it is difficult to make the same symbol as in mode 4.

Considering this, trellis reset is not performed and a trellis encodermemory value (that is, a register value) in mode 4 in the same locationmay be loaded into the trellis encoder so that the same symbol as inmode 4 can be created in modes 1 to 3. To achieve this, memory storagevalues of the trellis encoder in mode 4 are recorded and stored in theform of a table, and may be trellis-encoded to have values ofcorresponding locations of the stored table. Also, a separate trellisencoder operable in mode 4 is provided and a value obtained from thetrellis encoder may be utilized.

As described above, the mobile data can be provided in various waysusing the normal data region and the existing mobile data region in thetransport stream actively. Accordingly, in comparison with therelated-art ATSC standard, exemplary embodiments can provide a streammore suitable for transmission of the mobile data.

[Signaling]

As the new mobile data and the known data are added to the transportstream as described above, a technology to notify this fact to thereceiver to process such data is used. Notification may be performed invarious ways.

In a first method, the presence/absence of new mobile data may benotified using a data field sync which is used for transmission ofexisting mobile data.

FIG. 50 is a view illustrating an example of a data field syncconfiguration. Referring to FIG. 50, a data field sync includes 832symbols in total. 104 of the 832 symbols correspond to a reserve region.The 83rd to 92nd symbols in the reserve region, that is, 10 symbolscorrespond to an enhancement region.

If only 1.0 version data is included, the 85th symbol in an odd numbereddata field is set as +5 and the remaining symbols, that is, the 83rd,84th, and 87th˜92nd symbols, are set as −5. The even numbered data fieldhas an opposite symbol sign to that of the odd numbered data field. Thatis, it is notified whether 1.1 version data is included or not using the86th symbol.

Another symbol in the enhancement region may be used inform whether 1.1version data is included or not. That is, by setting one or a pluralityof symbols except for the 85^(th) symbol as +5 or other values, it isnotified whether 1.1 version data is included or not. For instance, the87^(th) symbol may be used.

The data field sync is generated by the controller or the signalingencoder of FIG. 3 or a separately provided field sync generator, and isprovided to the sync multiplexer 470 of FIG. 4 and thus is multiplexedinto a stream by the sync multiplexer 470.

In a second method, the presence/absence of 1.1 version data may benotified using a TPC. The TPC may include syntaxes as in table 1 below.

TABLE 1 Syntax No. of Bits Format TPC_data { sub-frame_number slot_34743322222 uimsbfuimsbf number uimsbfuimsbf parade_idstarting_group_number 222545215 uimsbfuimsbf number_of groups_minus_1bslbfbslbfbslbf parade_repetition_cycle_minus_ bslbfbslbfbslbf 1rs_frame_mode bslbfbslbfuims rs_code_mode_primary rs_code_ bfuimsbfuimsmode_secondary bfbslbfbslbf sccc_block_mode sccc_outer_code_ mode_asccc_outer_code_mode_b sccc_ outer_code_mode_c sccc_outer_code_mode_dfic_version parade_continuity_counter total_ number_of_groups reservedtpc_protocol_version}

There is a reserved region in the TPC information as shown in table 1.Accordingly, it is possible to signal whether mobile data is included inpackets allocated to normal data, that is, in a second region, alocation of the mobile data, whether new known data is added or not, anda location of the added known data, using one bit or a plurality of bitsin the reserved region.

Inserted information may be expressed as in table 2 below:

TABLE 2 Necessary Field Bits (changeable) 1.1 frame mode 3 1.1 mobilemode 2 1.1 SCCC block mode 2 1.1 SCCCBM1 2 1.1 SCCCBM2 2 1.1 SCCCBM3 21.1 SCCCBM4 2 1.1 SCCCBM5 2

In table 2, the 1.1 frame mode refers to information indicating whetherpackets allocated to normal data are used for normal data as they are orare used for new mobile data, that is, 1.1 version data.

The 1.1 mobile mode refers to information indicating in which patternmobile data is placed in packets allocated to normal data. One of thefour modes, modes 1 to 4, described above may be expressed by markingone of values “00”, “01”, “10”, and “11” using two bits. Accordingly,the stream may be arranged in various formats as in FIGS. 29, 31, 33,35, 37, 38, 39, and 40. The receiver identifies the mobile modeinformation and thus identifies the placement location of the mobiledata.

The 1.1 SCCC block mode refers to information indicating a block mode of1.1 version data. The 1.1 SCCCBM1˜SCCCBM5 refer to informationindicating a coding unit of 1.1 version data.

Besides the information shown in table 2, a variety of information forallowing the receiver to detect new mobile data appropriately and decodethe new mobile data may be additionally provided. The number of bitsallocated to each piece of information may be changed when necessary anda location of each field may be arranged in a different order from thatof table 2.

FIC information may be used for the digital broadcast receiver, whichreceives a stream including new mobile data, to recognize whether newmobile data is included or not.

That is, a 1.1 version receiver, which receives and processes new mobiledata, should be able to process 1.0 service information and 1.1 serviceinformation simultaneously. On the other hand, a 1.0 version receivershould be able to disregard 1.1 service information.

Accordingly, a region for informing the presence/absence of 1.1 versiondata may be obtained by changing an existing FIC segment syntax.

First, the syntax of the existing FIC segment may be configured as intable 3 below:

TABLE 3 Syntax No. of Bits Format FIC_segment_header( ) { FIC_segment_2221144 uimsbf‘11’uimsb type fbslbfbslbfuims reservedFIC_chunk_major_protocol_ bfuimsbf version current_next_indicatorerror_indicator FIC_segment_num FIC_last_segment_ num }

The FIC segment shown in table 3 may be changed to notify thepresence/absence of 1.1 version data as in table 4 below:

TABLE 4 Syntax No. of Bits Format FIC_segment_header( ) {FIC_segment_type 211255 uimsbfbslbfbslb current_next_indicatorerror_indicator fuimsbfuimsbfu FIC_chunk_major_protocol_version imsbfFIC_segment_num FIC_last_segment_num }

Referring to FIG. 4, instead of the reserved region, FIC_segment_num andFIC_last_segment_num may be extended to 5 bits.

In table 4, 01 is added to a value of FIC_segment_type so that thepresence/absence of 1.1 version data can be informed. That is, ifFIC_segement_type is set to 01, a 1.1 version receiver decodes FICinformation and processes 1.1 version data. In this case, a 1.0 versionreceiver is not able to detect FIC information. On the other hand, ifFIC_segment_type is defined as 00 or a null segment, the 1.0 versionreceiver decodes the FIC information and processes existing mobile data.

The presence/absence of 1.1 version data may be informed using someregion of a syntax of an FIC chunk, for example, a reserved region,while maintaining the syntax of the FIC chunk without changing anexisting FIC syntax.

The FIC may include 16 bits to the maximum when a FIC chunk isconfigured. The status of the 1.1 version data may be indicated bychanging some of the syntaxes of the FIC chunk.

Specifically, “MH 1.1 service_status” may be added to a reserved regionof a service ensemble loop as in table 5 below:

TABLE 5 Syntax No. of Bits Format FIC_chunk_payload( ){ for(i=0;8351115816212 uimsbf‘111’uim i<num_ensembles; i++){ ensemble_id 21varsbfbslbfbslbf‘1’ reserved ensemble_protocol_version uimsbfuimsbfuiSLT_ensemble_indicator msbfuimsbf‘1’ui GAT_ensemble_indicator reservedmsbfuimsbfbslbf MH_service_signaling_channel_version num_MH services for(j=0; j<num_MH_services; j++){ MH_service id MH1. l_service_statusreserved multi_ensemble_service MH_service_status SP_indicator } }FIC_chunk_stuffing( )}

Referring to FIG. 5, MH1.1_service_status may be displayed using two ofthe three bits of the reserved region. MH1.1_service_status may be dataindicating whether 1.1 version data exists in a stream or not.

Besides MH1.1_service_status, MH1.1_ensemble_indicator may be added.That is, the syntax of the FIC chunk may be configured as in table 6below:

TABLE 6 Syntax No. of Bits Format FIC_chunk _payload( ){ for(i=0;8125111581622 uimsbfbslbf‘11’ i<num_ensembles; i++){ ensemble_id 21varuimsbfbslbfbslb MH1.1_ensemble_indicator f‘1’uimsbfuimsb reservedensemble_protocol_version fuimsbfuimsbf‘ SLT_ensemble_indicator1’uimsbfuimsbf GAT_ensemble_indicator reserved bslbfMH_service_signaling_channel_version num_MH_services for (j=0;j<num_MH_services; j++) { MH_service_id MH1.1_service_status_extensionreserved multi_ensemble_service MH_service_status SP_indicator } }FIC_chunk_stuffing( ) }

Referring to FIG. 6, 1 bit of the 3 bits of the first reserved region isallocated to MH1.1_ensemble_indicator. MH1.1_ensemble_indicator refersto information regarding an ensemble, which is a service unit of 1.1version data. In table 6, MH1.1_service_status_extension may bedisplayed using 2 bits of the 3 bits of the second reserved region.

If the ensemble protocol version is changed and thus 1.1 version serviceis provided as in table 7, a 1.1 version is indicated using a valueallocated to a 1.0 reserved region:

TABLE 7 Syntax No. of Bits Format FIC_chunk_payload( ){ for(i=0;i<num_ensembles; i++){ 8351115816322 uimsbf‘111’uim ensemble_id reserved1var sbfbslbfbslbf‘1’ ensemble_protocol_version uimsbfuimsbfuiSLT_ensemble_indicator msbf‘111’uimsb GAT_ensemble_indicator reservedfuimsbfbslbf MH_service_signaling_channel_version num_MH_services for(j=0; j<num_MH_services; j++){ MH_service_id reservedmulti_ensemble_service MH_service_status SP_indicator } }FIC_chunk_stuffing( )}

Also, signaling data may be transmitted by changing an ensemble loopheader extension length from among syntax fields of an FIC chunk head,adding an ensemble extension from among syntax fields of an FIC chunkpayload, and adding MH1.1_service_status to a service loop reserved 3bits from among the syntaxes of the FIC chunk payload as in table 8below:

TABLE 8 Syntax No. of Bits Format FIC_chunk_payload( ){ for(i=0;i<num_ensembles; i++){ 8351115358162 uimsbf‘111’uim ensemble_id reserved13221var sbfbslbfbslbf‘1’ ensemble_protocol_version uimsbfuimsbfuiSLT_ensemble_indicator msbfuimsbf‘111’ GAT_ensemble_indicator reserveduimsbfuimsbfb MH_service_signaling_channel_version reserved slbfensemble extension num_MH_services for (j=0; j<num_MH_services; j++){MH_service_id MH_service_status_extention reserved reservedmulti_ensemble_service MH_service_status SP_indicator } }FIC_chunk_stuffing( )}

Also, MH_service_loop_extension_length from among the syntax fields ofthe FIC chunk header may be changed and an information field onMH1.1_service status may be added to a payload field of the FIC chunk:

TABLE 9 Syntax No. of Bits Format FIC_chunk_payload( ){ for(i=0;i<num_ensembles; i++){ 8351115816322 uimsbf‘111’uim ensemble_id reserved153var sbfbslbfbslbf‘1’ ensemble_protocol_version uimsbfuimsbfuiSLT_ensemble_indicator msbf‘111’uimsb GAT_ensemble_indicator reservedfuimsbfbslbfui MH_service_signaling_channel_version msbfuimsbfnum_MH_services for (j=0; j<num_MH_services; j++){ MH_service_idreserved multi_ensemble_service MH_service_status SP_indicator reservedMH1.1_Detailed_service_Info } } FIC_chunk_stuffing( )}

As described above, the signaling data may be provided to the receiverusing various regions such as the field sync, the TPC information, andthe FIC information.

The signaling data may be inserted into a region other than theabove-described regions. That is, the signaling data may be insertedinto a packet payload portion of existing data. In this case, thepresence of 1.1 version data or a location identifying the signalingdata is recorded using FIC information as shown in table 5, and 1.1version signaling data is separately provided, so that a 1.1 versionreceiver can detect and use corresponding signaling data.

The signaling data may be configured as a separate stream and may betransmitted to the receiver using a separate channel other than a streamtransmission channel.

Also, the signaling data may include other information for signaling atleast one piece of information such as information indicating whetherexisting or new mobile data is included or not, a location of mobiledata, information indicating whether known data is added or not, alocation of added known data, a placing pattern of mobile data and knowndata, a block mode, and a coding unit, in addition to theabove-described various information.

The digital broadcast transmitter, which uses signaling data, mayinclude a data pre-processor to place at least one of mobile data andknown data in at least a part of a normal data region from among allpackets of a stream, and a multiplexer to generate a transport streamincluding mobile data and signaling data. A detailed configuration ofthe data pre-processor may be realized according to one of theabove-described exemplary embodiments, and some element may be omitted,added, or modified. In particular, the signaling data is generated bythe signaling encoder, the controller, or the separately provided fieldsync generator, and may be inserted into the transport stream by themultiplexer or the sync multiplexer. In this case, the signaling datamay be realized as data for informing at least one piece of informationof information regarding whether the mobile data is placed or not and aplacing pattern, such as a data field sync or TPC or FIC information asdescribed above.

Also, as described above, if there is the scalable mode 11a besides thescalable mode 11, that is, there are the first to the fifth modes, amode representing method in the signaling data may be different.

According to an exemplary embodiment, a signaling field in a TPC fieldmay have a name of scalable mode, and four modes as in a) to d) of FIGS.37 to 40 may be defined as 00, 01, 10, and 11 using two bits. In thiscase, the fourth mode has the same bit value of 11 regardless of whetherthe fourth mode is a compatible mode or an incompatible mode. However,the MPEG header and the parity region are used or not according to thetwo modes and thus a group format may be different according to the twomodes.

The receiver identifies a TPC of a slot including an M/H group of an M/Hparade to be received and a TPC of the other slots, and, if the scalablemode of all of the slots is 11 and there is no CMM slot, that is, if anormal data rate is 0 Mbps, the receiver determines the bit value of 11as the scalable mode 11 and decodes accordingly.

On the other hand, if the scalable mode of all of the slots is not 11 orif there is a CMM slot, that is, if the normal data rate is not 0 Mbps,the receiver determines the bit value of 11 as the scalable mode 11aconsidering compatibility, and decodes accordingly.

According to another exemplary embodiment, the signaling field in theTPC field has a name of scalable mode and three bits may be allocated tothat field. Accordingly, five group formats in total including threegroup formats corresponding to a) to c) of FIGS. 37 to 40, that is, thefirst to the third modes, and two group formats corresponding to d) ofFIGS. 37 to 40, that is, the fourth mode and the fifth mode.

That is, as described above, the entire mode may include:

-   -   1) a first mode in which new mobile data is placed in 11 packets        from among the 38 packets allocated to normal data;    -   2) a second mode in which new mobile data is placed in 20        packets from among the 38 packets allocated to normal data;    -   3) a third mode in which new mobile data is placed in 29 packets        from among the 38 packets allocated to normal data;    -   4) a fourth mode in which new mobile data is placed in all of        the 38 packets allocated to normal data; and    -   5) a fifth mode in which new mobile data is placed in all of the        38 packets allocated to normal data and in a region        corresponding to an MPEG header and a parity from among regions        allocated to existing mobile data.

The first mode is defined as a scalable mode 000, the second mode isdefined as a scalable mode 001, the third mode is defined as a scalablemode 010, the fourth mode in which the 38 packets are filled with mobiledata and compatibility should be considered is defined as a scalablemode 011, and the fifth mode in which the 38 packets are filled withmobile data and compatibility is not required to be considered isdefined as a scalable mode 111.

Also, in order to define an additional group format, a bit value of thescalable mode may be allocated or a signaling bit may be added.

The digital broadcast transmitter according to various exemplaryembodiments described above may place existing mobile data, new mobiledata, and normal data in a stream in various ways, and may transmit thedata.

For instance, as shown in FIG. 4, the stream configuration unit, thatis, the group formatter 130 provided in the data pre-processor 100, mayadd known data, signaling data, and initialization data to a streamprocessed by the block processor 120, thereby formatting the data in aunit of a group.

Accordingly, if the packet formatter performs packet formatting, themultiplexer 200 performs multiplexing. In this case, in the first to thethird modes, the multiplexer 200 multiplexes the normal data processedby the normal processor 320. On the other hand, in the fourth and thefifth modes, the normal processor 320 does not output normal data andthe multiplexer 200 outputs the stream provided by the packet formatter140 as it is.

[Digital Broadcast Transmitter]

As described above, the digital broadcast transmitter can transmit newmobile data using some or all of the packets allocated to normal dataand some or all of the packets allocated to existing mobile data in theexisting stream configuration.

The digital broadcast receiver receives at least one of the existingmobile data, the normal data, and the new mobile data according to itsown version.

That is, if the digital broadcast receiver is for processing existingnormal data and receives the above-described stream of variousconfigurations, the digital broadcast receiver identifies signalingdata, and detects and decodes the normal data. If the stream isconfigured without normal data, the normal data processing receiver isnot able to provide a normal data service.

If the receiver is a 1.0 version digital broadcast receiver and receivesthe above-described stream of the various configurations, the receiveridentifies signaling data, and detects and decodes the existing mobiledata. If 1.1 version mobile data is placed in the entire region, the 1.0version digital broadcast receiver is not able to provide a mobileservice.

A 1.1 version digital broadcast receiver is able to detect and process1.0 version data as well as 1.1 version data. In this case, if adecoding block for processing normal data is includes, a normal dataservice can be supported.

FIG. 51 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a digitalbroadcast receiver according to an exemplary embodiment. The digitalbroadcast receiver includes elements corresponding to those of thedigital broadcast transmitter of FIGS. 2 to 4 and arranged in a reverseorder. However, for the convenience of explanation, FIG. 51 illustratesonly the elements essential for reception.

That is, referring to FIG. 51, the digital broadcast receiver includes areceiving unit 5100 (e.g., receiver), a demodulator 5200, an equalizer5300, and a decoding unit 5400 (e.g., decoder).

The receiving unit 5100 receives a transport stream transmitted from thedigital broadcast transmitter through an antenna or a cable.

The demodulator 5200 demodulates the transport stream received throughthe receiving unit 5100. A frequency of a signal and a clock signalreceived through the receiving unit 5100 are synchronized with thedigital broadcast transmitter, when passing through the demodulator5200.

The equalizer 5300 equalizes the demodulated transport stream.

The demodulator 5200 and the equalizer 5300 may perform synchronizationand equalization more swiftly using known data included in the transportstream, in particular, known data newly added along with mobile data.

The decoding unit 5400 detects mobile data from the equalized transportstream and decodes the mobile data.

Insertion locations and sizes of the mobile data and the known data maybe notified through signaling data included in the transport stream orsignaling data received through a separate channel.

The decoding unit 5400 identifies a location of mobile data suitable forthe digital broadcast receiver using the signaling data and then detectsmobile data from that location and decodes the mobile data.

The decoding unit 5400 may be realized in various ways according to anexemplary embodiment.

That is, the decoding unit 5400 may include two decoders including atrellis decoder and a convolutional decoder. The two decoders exchangedecoding reliability information with each other, thereby improvingperformance. An output from the convolutional decoder may be the same asan input of the RS encoder of the transmitter.

FIG. 52 is a block diagram illustrating, in detail, an example of adigital broadcast receiver according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 52, the digital broadcast receiver may include areceiving unit 5100 (e.g., receiver), a demodulator 5200, an equalizer5300, a decoding unit 5400 (e.g., decoder), a detection unit 5500 (e.g.,detector), and a signaling decoder 5600.

Functions of the receiving unit 5100, the demodulator 5200, and theequalizer 5300 are the same as or similar to those of FIG. 51 and thus adetailed description thereof is omitted.

The decoding unit 5400 may include a first decoder 5410 and a seconddecoder 5420.

The first decoder 5410 performs decoding with respect to at least one ofexisting mobile data and new mobile data. The first decoder 5410 mayperform SCCC decoding, which is performed in a unit of a block.

The second decoder 5420 performs RS-decoding with respect to the streamdecoded by the first decoder 5410.

The first and the second decoders 5410 and 5420 may process mobile datausing an output value of the signaling decoder 5600.

That is, the signaling decoder 5600 detects signaling data from thestream and decodes the signaling data. Specifically, the signalingdecoder 5600 de-multiplexes a reserved region, a TPC information region,or an FIC information region of field sync data from the transportstream. Accordingly, the signaling decoder 5600 performs convolutionaldecoding and RS decoding with respect to the de-multiplexed portion andthen performs inverse randomization, thereby recovering signaling data.The recovered signaling data is provided to the elements of the digitalbroadcast receiver, that is, the demodulator 5200, the equalizer 5300,the decoding unit 5400, and the detection unit 5500. The signaling datamay include a variety of information to be used by those elements, thatis, block mode information, mode information, known data insertionpattern information and a frame mode. Types and functions of suchinformation have been described above and thus a detailed description isomitted.

Besides the above information, a variety of information such as a codingrate, a data rate, and an insertion location of mobile data, a type ofan error correction code used, information of a primary service,information necessary for supporting time slicing, description regardingmobile data, information regarding change of mode information, andinformation for supporting an IP service may be provided to the receiverin the format of signaling data or additional data.

In FIG. 52, the signaling data is included in the stream. However, if asignaling data signal is transmitted through a separate channel, thesignaling decoder 5600 decodes the signaling data signal and providesthe above information.

The detection unit 5500 detects known data from the stream using knowndata insertion pattern information provided by the singling decoder5600. In this case, known data added along with existing mobile data aswell as known data added along with new mobile data may be processed.

Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 22 to 36, the known data may be insertedinto at least one of a body region and a head/tail region of the mobiledata in various locations and in various formats. Information regardingan insertion pattern of known data, that is, a location, a start point,and length of known data may be included in the signaling data. Thedetection unit 5500 detects known data from an appropriate locationaccording to the signaling data and may provide the known data to thedemodulator 5200, the equalizer 5300, and the decoding unit 5400.

FIG. 53 is a view illustrating, in detail, an example of a digitalbroadcast receiver according to another exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 53, the digital broadcast receiver includes areceiving unit 5100 (e.g., receiver), a demodulator 5200, an equalizer5300, an FEC processor 5411, a TCM decoder unit 5412 (e.g., TCMdecoder), a CV de-interleaver unit 5412 (e.g., CV de-interleaver), anouter de-interleaver unit 5414 (e.g., outer de-interleaver), an outerdecoder unit 5415 (e.g., outer decoder), an RS decoder unit 5416 (e.g.,RS decoder), an inverse randomizer 5417, an outer interleaver unit 5418,a CV interleaver unit 5419 (e.g., CV interleaver), and a signalingdecoder 5600.

Since the receiving unit 5100, the demodulator 5200, the equalizer 5300,and the signaling decoder 5600 have been described above with referenceto FIG. 52, an overlapped explanation is omitted. Unlike in FIG. 52, thedetection unit 5500 is omitted. That is, the elements can directlydetect known data using signaling data decoded by the signaling decoder5600.

The FEC processor 5411 performs forward error correction with respect tothe transport stream equalized by the equalizer 5300. The FEC processor5411 detects known data from the transport stream using information on alocation or an insertion pattern of the known data from among theinformation provided by the signaling decoder and uses the known data inperforming the forward error correction. In an exemplary embodiment, anadditional reference signal may not be used in the forward errorcorrection.

In FIG. 53, the elements are arranged in a manner so that decoding isperformed for mobile data after FEC processing is performed. That is,FEC processing is performed with respect to the entire transport stream.However, only mobile data may be detected from the transport stream andthen FEC processing may be performed with respect to only the mobiledata.

The TCM decoder unit 5412 detects mobile data from the transport streamoutput from the FEC processor 5411, and performs trellis decoding withrespect to the mobile data. In this case, if the FEC processor hasalready detected mobile data and has performed forward error correctionwith respect to only the detected portion, the TCM decoder unit 5412 mayperform trellis decoding with respect to the input data directly.

The CV de-interleaver unit 5413 performs convolution de-interleavingwith respected to the trellis-decoded data. As described above, sincethe elements of the digital broadcast receiver correspond to theelements of the digital broadcast transmitter, which configures andprocesses a transport stream, the CV de-interleaver unit 5413 may not berequired according to a configuration of the transmitter.

The outer de-interleaver unit 5414 performs outer de-interleaving withrespect to the convolution de-interleaved data. After that, the outerdecoder unit 5415 performs decoding and removes a parity from the mobiledata.

In some situation, the processes from the TCM decoder unit 5412 to theouter decoder unit 5415 may be repeated one or more times so thatreception performance of the mobile data can be improved. To repeat theprocesses, the decoding data of the outer decoder unit 5415 may beprovided to the TCM decoder unit 5412 through the outer interleaver unit5418 and the CV interleaver unit 5419 as an input of the TCM decoderunit 5412. At this time, the CV interleaver unit 5419 may not berequired according to a configuration of the transmitter.

As described above, the trellis decoded data is provided to the RSdecoder unit 5416. The RS decoder unit 5416 RS-decodes the data and theinverse randomizer 5417 performs inverse randomization. Through theabove-described process, the mobile data, in particular, a stream of 1.1version data newly defined may be processed.

As described above, if the digital broadcast receiver is a 1.1 versionreceiver, the receiver may process 1.0 version data besides 1.1 versiondata.

That is, at least one of the FEC processor 5411 and the TCM decoder unit5412 may detect entire mobile data except for normal data and mayprocess the detected data.

If the digital broadcast receiver is a common receiver, the receiver mayinclude a block to process normal data, a block to process 1.0 versiondata, and a block to process 1.1 version data. In this case, a pluralityof processing paths are provided at a rear end of the equalizer 5300 andthe above-described blocks are placed in the processing paths,respectively. At least one processing path is selected according tocontrol of a controller separately provided so that appropriate data isincluded in the transport stream.

Also, as described above, mobile data may be placed in the transportstream in a different pattern according to a slot. That is, variousslots, such as a slot of a first type including normal data as it is, aslot of a second type including new mobile data in an entire normal dataregion, a slot of a third type including new mobile data in a part ofthe normal data region, and a slot of a fourth type including new mobiledata in a normal data region and an entire existing mobile region, maybe repeated according to a predetermined pattern.

The signaling decoder 5600 decodes the signaling data and notifies framemode information or mode information to each of the elements.Accordingly, each of the elements, in particular, the FEC processor 5411or the TCM decoder unit 5412 detects mobile data from a defined locationof each slot and processes the mobile data.

FIGS. 51 to 53 do not illustrate a controller, but a controller to applyan appropriate control signal to each block using the signaling datadecoded by the signaling decoder 5600 may be further included. Such acontroller may control a tuning operation of the receiving unit 5100according to user's selection.

If the digital broadcast receiver is a 1.1 version receiver, thereceiver may provide 1.0 version data or 1.1 version data selectivelyaccording to user's selection. Also, if a plurality of 1.1 version dataare provided, the receiver may provide one of services according touser's selection.

In particular, as in the first to the fourth modes (wherein the first tothe fourth modes may be a compatible mode or only the fourth mode may bean incompatible mode) or the first to the fifth modes, at least one ofnormal data, existing mobile data, and new mobile data may be placed inthe stream and may be transmitted.

In this case, the digital broadcast receiver detects data from anappropriate location according to a mode, and applies an appropriatedecoding method and performs decoding.

Specifically, in an exemplary embodiment in which a mode is representedby two bits and a TPC signaling field recorded as 00, 01, 10, and 11 isrecovered, if a value of 11 is identified from the signaling data, thedigital broadcast receiver identifies TPCs of all of the slots includinga slot including an M/H group of an M/H parade to be received.Accordingly, if mode information of all of the slots is 11 and there isno CMM slot, it is determined that the fourth mode is an incompatiblemode. Accordingly, the digital broadcast receiver may decode an MPEGheader and a parity region in which new mobile data is placed, forexample, the above-described SB5 region, in the same way as in theremaining body region stream. On the other hand, if the scalable mode ofall of the slots is not 11 or if there is a CMM slot, the receiverdetermines that a set mode is a compatible mode, that is, the scalablemode 11a and may decode the MPEG header and the parity region, that is,the SB5 region in a different way from that of the remaining body regionstream, that is, in a decoding way corresponding to a coding way of newmobile data. The TPC of each slot and the mode may be identified by thesignaling decoder or a separately provided controller.

In an exemplary embodiment in which the mode is represented by threebits and signaling bits such as 000, 001, 010, 011, and 111 aretransmitted, the digital broadcast receiver identifies a mode accordingto a bit value and performs appropriate decoding.

The digital broadcast transmitter combines normal data, existing mobiledata, and new mobile data, thereby configuring a transport stream, andtransmits the transport stream

Accordingly, the digital broadcast receiver which receives and processesthe transport stream may be realized in various forms. That is, thedigital broadcast receiver is realized as a normal data receiver toprocess only normal data, an existing (e.g., related art) mobile datareceiver to process only existing mobile data, a new mobile datareceiver to process only new mobile data, and a common receiver toprocess at least two of these data.

If the digital broadcast receiver is the normal data receiver, there isno data to be processed in the fourth or fifth mode withoutcompatibility unlike in the first to the fourth mode with compatibility.Accordingly, the digital broadcast receiver may disregard a transportstream that the digital broadcast receiver cannot recognize and process.

On the other hand, if the digital broadcast receiver is the existingmobile data receiver or the common receiver capable of processingexisting mobile data and normal data, the receiver decodes normal datawhich is included in a slot including only normal packets or included inall or some of the 38 packets in order to process the normal data, anddetects existing mobile data included in packets other than the 38packets and decodes the existing mobile data in order to process theexisting mobile data. In particular, if the slot includes new mobiledata and the block mode is a separate mode as described above, a primaryensemble portion is filled with the existing mobile data and a secondaryensemble portion is filled with the new mobile data, so that it ispossible to transmit both the existing mobile data and the new mobiledata in a single slot. Accordingly, if the mode is a scalable mode 11,the receiver decodes a body region except for SB5 to process theexisting mobile data. On the other hand, if the mode is a scalable mode11a, SB5 is not filled with new mobile data and thus the receiverdecodes the entire body region to process the existing mobile data. Ifthe block mode is a paired mode, the entire block is filled with only1.1 mobile data and thus the receiver disregards a corresponding slot toprocess existing mobile data.

If the digital broadcast receiver is the new mobile data receiver or thecommon receiver capable of processing new mobile data and other dataaltogether, the receiver performs decoding according to a block mode anda mode. That is, if the block mode is a separate mode and the mode is ascalable mode 11, an independent block of the SB5 region and a blockallocated to the new mobile data are decoded in a decoding methodcorresponding to a coding method of the new mobile data, and, if themode is a scalable mode 11a, the block allocated to the new mobile datais decoded in a decoding method corresponding to a coding method of thenew mobile data. On the other hand, if the block mode is a paired mode,all of the blocks are decoded.

In FIGS. 51 to 53, the separate controller or the signaling decoderidentifies the block mode and the mode and controls decoding asdescribed above. In particular, if two bits of the signaling dataindicate the mode and a bit value of 11 is transmitted, the controlleror the signaling decoder identifies TPCs of all of the slots including aslot including an M/H group of an M/H parade to be received.Accordingly, if it is identified that the normal data rate is 0 Mbps, itis determined that the bit value of 11 indicates the scalable mode 11and decoding is performed. On the other hand, if the scalable mode ofall of the slots is not 11 or if there is a CMM slot, that is, if thenormal data rate is not 0 Mbps, it is determined that the bit value of11 indicates the scalable mode 11a and decoding is performed.

The digital broadcast receiver of FIGS. 51 to 53 may be realized by aset-top box or a television. However, the digital broadcast receiver maybe realized by various types of portable apparatuses such as a mobilephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a multimedia player (e.g.,MP3 player), an electronic dictionary, a laptop computer, a tabletdevice, etc. Also, although not shown in FIGS. 51 to 53, an element toscale or convert decoded data appropriately and output the data on ascreen in the form of audio and video data may be included.

A method for configuring a stream of a digital broadcast transmitter anda method for processing a stream of a digital broadcast receiveraccording to an exemplary embodiment may be described with reference tothe above-described block diagrams and stream configuration views.

That is, the method for configuring the stream of the digital broadcasttransmitter generally includes placing mobile data in at least some ofthe packets allocated to normal data from among all packets of a stream,and inserting normal data into a stream in which the mobile data isplaced, thereby configuring a transport stream.

The operation of placing the mobile data may be performed by the datapre-processor 100 shown in FIGS. 2 to 4.

The mobile data may be placed in various locations solitarily or alongwith the normal data and the existing mobile data as described in theabove exemplary embodiments. That is, the mobile data and the known datamay be placed in various ways as explained in FIGS. 15 to 40.

Also, in the operation of configuring the stream, the transport streammay be configured by multiplexing the normal data, which is processedseparately from the mobile data, along with the mobile data.

The transport stream goes through various processes such as RS encoding,interleaving, trellis encoding, sync multiplexing, and modulation, andis then transmitted to the receiver. The operation of processing thetransport stream may be performed by the elements of the digitalbroadcast transmitter shown in FIG. 4.

The various exemplary embodiments of the method for configuring thestream are related to various operations of the digital broadcasttransmitter described above. Accordingly, a flow chart of the method forconfiguring the stream is omitted.

The method for processing the stream of the digital broadcast receiveraccording to an exemplary embodiment may include receiving a transportstream which is divided into a first region allocated to existing mobiledata and a second region allocated to normal data and in which mobiledata is placed in at least a part of the second region separately fromthe existing mobile data, demodulating the received transport stream,equalizing the demodulated transport stream, and decoding at least oneof the existing mobile data and the mobile data from the equalizedtransport stream.

The transport stream received in this method may be a transport streamthat has been configured by the digital broadcast transmitter accordingto various exemplary embodiments and transmitted from the digitalbroadcast transmitter. That is, in the transport stream, the mobile datamay be placed in various ways as shown in FIGS. 15 to 21 and FIGS. 29 to40. Also, the known data may be placed in various formats as shown inFIGS. 22 to 28.

The various exemplary embodiments of the method for processing thestream are related to the above-described various exemplary embodimentsof the digital broadcast receiver.

The configuration examples of the stream illustrated in FIGS. 15 to 40are not fixed and may be switched to a different configuration accordingto a situation. That is, the mobile data and the known data may beplaced and block-coded by applying various frame modes, modes, and blockmodes according to a control signal applied by a separate controllerprovided in the data pre-processor 100 or a control signal input from anexternal source. Accordingly, a digital broadcast provider is able toprovide desired data, in particular, mobile data with various sizes.

Also, the above-described new mobile data, that is, the 1.1 version datamay be the same as the existing mobile data, that is, the 1.0 versiondata or may be different data input from another source. Also, aplurality of 1.1 version data may be included in a single slot andtransmitted altogether. Accordingly, a user of the digital broadcastreceiver can view data of various formats as he/she wishes to view.

<Block Processing Method>

The above-described exemplary embodiments may be modified variously.

For instance, the block processor 120 of FIG. 4 described above mayperform block coding by appropriately combining existing mobile data,normal data, new mobile data, and known data placed in a stream. The newmobile data and the known data may be placed in not only at least a partof a normal data region allocated to the normal data, but also at leasta part of an existing mobile data region allocated to the existingmobile data. That is, the normal data, the new mobile data, and theexisting mobile data co-exist.

FIG. 54 illustrates an example of a stream format after interleaving.Referring to FIG. 54, a stream including a mobile data group includes208 data segments. The first five segments correspond to RS parity dataand thus are excluded from the mobile data group. Accordingly, themobile data group of the 203 data segments is divided into 15 mobiledata blocks. Specifically, the mobile data group includes blocks B1 toB10 and blocks SB1 to SB5. From among the blocks, blocks B1 to B10 maycorrespond to the mobile data placed in the existing mobile data regionas shown in FIG. 8. On the other hand, blocks SB1 to SB5 may correspondto the new mobile data allocated to the existing normal data regopm.Block SB5 includes an MPEG header and an RS parity for the sake ofbackward compatibility.

Each of blocks B1 to B10 include 16 segments, each of blocks SB1 and SB4include 31 segments, and each of blocks SB2 and SB3 includes 14segments.

These blocks, that is, blocks B1 to B10 and blocks SB1 to SB5 areblock-coded by being combined in various formats.

That is, as described above, the block mode may be set to various valuessuch as 00 and 01. The following table shows SCB blocks and a SCCCoutput block length (SOBL) and a SCCC input block length (SIBL) of eachSCB block if the block mode is set to “00”:

TABLE 10 SCCC SIBL Block SOBL ½ rate ¼ rate SCB1(B1) 528 264 132SCB2(B2) 1536 768 384 SCB3(B3) 2376 1188 594 SCB4(B4) 2388 1194 597SCB5(B5) 2772 1386 693 SCB6(B6) 2472 1236 618 SCB7(B7) 2772 1386 693SCB8(B8) 2508 1254 627 SCB9(B9) 1416 708 354 SCB10(B10) 480 240 120

Referring to table 10, blocks B1 to B10 become blocks SCB1 to SCB10.

If the block mode is set to “01”, each SCB block and an SOBL and an SIBLof each SCB block are as follows:

TABLE 11 SIBL SCCC Block SOBL ½ rate ¼ rate SCB1(B1 + B6) 3000 1500 750SCB2(B2 + B7) 4308 2154 1077 SCB3(B3 + B8) 4884 2442 1221 SCB4(B4 + B9)3804 1902 951 SCB5(B5 + B10) 3252 1626 813

Referring to table 11, blocks B1 and B6 are combined to configure blockSCB1, and blocks B2 and B7, blocks B3 and B8, blocks B4 and B9, andblocks B5 and B10 are combined to configure blocks SCB2, SCB3, SCB4, andSCB5, respectively. Also, the input block length is different accordingto whether a data rate is a 1/2 rate or a 1/4 rate.

The operation of configuring the SCB block by combining blocks B1 to B10may be performed if new mobile data is not placed, that is, in the CMMmode.

In an SFCMM mode in which new mobile data is placed, the blocks aredifferently combined to configure the SCB block. That is, SCCC blockcoding may be performed by combining the existing mobile data and thenew mobile data. Following tables 12 and 13 illustrate an example ofblocks differently combined according to an RS frame mode and a slotmode:

TABLE 12 RS Frame 00 01 Mode 00 01 00 01 SCCC Block Separate SCCC PairedSCCC Separate SCCC Paired SCCC Mode Block Mode Block Mode Block ModeBlock Mode Description SCB input SCB input, M/H SCB input, SCB input,M/H SCB M/H Blocks Blocks M/H Blocks Blocks SCB1 B1 B1 + B6 + SB3 B1B1 + SB3 + B9 + SB1 SCB2 B2 B2 + B7 + SB4 B2 B2 + SB4 + B10 + SB2 SCB3B3 B3 + B8  B9 + SB1 SCB4 B4 B4 + B9 + SB1 B10 + SB2 SCB5 B5 B5 + B10 +SB2 SB3 SCB6 B6 SB4 SCB7 B7 SCB8 B8 SCB9  B9 + SB1 SCB10 B10 + SB2 SCB11SB3 SCB12 SB4

In table 12, the RS frame mode refers to information indicating whetherone slot includes one ensemble (in the case of an RS frame mode 00) orwhether one slot includes a plurality of ensembles such as a primaryensemble and a secondary ensemble (in the case of an RS frame 01). Also,the SCCC block mode refers to information indicating whether individualSCCC block processing is performed or whether SCCC block processing isperformed by combining a plurality of blocks, like the above-describedblock mode.

Table 12 indicates a case in which a slot mode is 00. The slot mode isinformation indicating a criterion based on which a beginning and an endof a slot are distinguished from each other. That is, if the slot modeis 00, a portion including blocks B1 to B10 and blocks SB1 to SB5 forthe same slot as they are is defined as one slot, and, if the slot modeis 01, blocks B1 and B2 are sent to a previous slot and blocks B1 and B2of a subsequent slot are included in a current slot, so that a portionincluding 15 blocks in total is defined as one slot. The slot mode mayhave various names according to a version of a standard document. Forinstance, the slot mode may be called a block extension mode. This willbe described below.

Referring to table 12, if the RS frame mode is 00 and the SCCC block modis 00, blocks B1 to B8 are used as blocks SCB1 to SCBE, respectively,blocks B9 and SB1 are combined to configure block SCB9, blocks B10 andSB2 are combined to configure block SCB10, and blocks SB3 and SB4 areused as blocks SCB11 and SCB12, respectively. On the other hand, if theSCCC block mode is 01, blocks B1, B6, and SB3 are combined and are usedas block SCB1, and B2+B7+SB4 are used as block SB2 and B3+B8, B4+B9+SB1,and B5+B10+SB2 are used as blocks SCB3, SCB4, and SCB5, respectively.

On the other hand, if the RS frame is 01 and the SCCC block mode is 00,blocks B1, B2, B9+SB1, B10+SB2, SB3, and SB4 are used as blocks SCB1 toSCBE, respectively. If the SCCC block mode is 01, B1+SB3+B9+SB1 is usedas block SCB1 and B2+SB4+B10+SB2 is used as block SCB2.

If the slot mode is 01 and new mobile data is placed according to thefirst to the third modes described above, the SCCC block may be combinedas follows:

TABLE 13 RS Frame 00 01 Mode 00 01 00 01 SCCC Block Separate SCCC PairedSCCC Separate SCCC Paired SCCC Mode Block Mode Block Mode Block ModeBlock Mode Description SCB input SCB input, M/H SCB input, SCB input,M/H SCB M/H Blocks Blocks M/H Blocks Blocks SCB1  B1 + SB3 B1 + B6 + SB3 B1 + SB3 B1 + SB3 + B9 + SB1 SCB2  B2 + SB4 B2 + B7 + SB4  B2 + SB4B2 + SB4 + 10 + SB2 SCB3 B3 B3 + B8  B9 + SB1 SCB4 B4 B4 + B9 + SB1B10 + SB2 SCB5 B5 B5 + B10 + SB2 SCB6 B6 SCB7 B7 SCB8 B8 SCB9  B9 + SB1SCB10 B10 + SB2

Referring to table 13, blocks B1 to B10 and blocks SB1 to SB5 may becombined in various ways according to a setting condition such as an RSframe mode and a SCCC block mode.

If the slot mode is 01 and new mobile data is placed in an entire normaldata region according to the above-described fourth mode, SCB blocks maybe configured in various combinations as follows:

TABLE 14 RS Frame 00 01 Mode 00 01 00 01 SCCC Block Separate SCCC PairedSCCC Separate SCCC Paired SCCC Mode Block Mode Block Mode Block ModeBlock Mode Description SCB input, SCB input, M/H SCB input, SCB input,M/H SCB M/H Blocks Blocks M/H Blocks Blocks SCB1  B1 + SB3 B1 + B6 +SB3 + SB5  B1 + SB3 B1 + SB3 + B9 + SB1 SCB2  B2 + SB4 B2 + B7 + SB4 B2 + SB4 B2 + SB4 + B10 + SB2 SCB3 B3 B3 + B8  B9 + SB1 SCB4 B4 B4 +B9 + SB1 B10 + SB2 SCB5 B5 B5 + 10 + SB2 SCB6  B6 + SB5 SCB7 B7 SCB8 B8SCB9  B9 + SB1 SCB10 B10 + SB2

As described above, each of the existing mobile data, the normal data,and the new mobile data is divided into blocks and the blocks arecombined variously according to a mode, thereby configuring a SCCCblock. Accordingly, the SCCC blocks are combined to configure an RSframe.

The combination and coding of the blocks may be performed in the datapre-processor 100 illustrated in the above-described exemplaryembodiments. Specifically, the block processor 120 in the datapre-processor 100 combines the blocks and performs block coding. Theother processes except for the combining method have been described inthe above exemplary embodiments and an overlapped explanation isomitted.

A coding rate for coding the SCCC blocks, that is, an SCCC outer coderate may be determined differently according to an outer code mode.Specifically, the coding rate is defined as follows:

TABLE 15 SCCC outer code mode Description 00 The outer code rate of aSCCC block is ½ rate 01 The outer code rate of a SCCC block is ¼ rate 10The outer code rate of a SCCC block is ⅓ rate 11 Reserved

As described in table 15, the SCCC outer code mode may be set to variousvalues such as 00, 01, 10, and 11. If the SCCC outer code mode is 00,the SCCC block is coded at a code rate of 1/2, if the SCCC outer codemode is 01, the SCCC block is coded at a code rate of 1/4, and if theSCCC outer code mode is 10, the SCCC block is coded at a code rate of1/3. The code rate may be changed variously according to a version of astandard. A newly added code rate may be assigned to the SCCC outer codemode 11. A matching relationship between the SCCC outer code mode andthe code rate may be changed. The data pre-processor 100 may code theSCCC block at an appropriate code rate according to a setting conditionof the outer code mode. The setting condition of the outer code mode maybe notified by the controller 310 or other element or may be identifiedthrough a separate signaling channel. The code rate of 1/3 refers to arate at which 1 bit is input and 3 bits are output, and the encoder maybe variously configured. For example, the encoder may be configured incombination of the code rate of 1/2 and the code rate of 1/4. Theencoder may be configured by puncturing an output of a 4-stateconvolution encoder.

[Block Extension Mode: BEM]

As described above, blocks existing in a slot are coded in a differentway according to the slot mode or the block extension mode. If the blockextension mode is 00, a portion including blocks B1 to B10 and blocksSB1 to SB5 for the same block is defined as one slot as described above,and, if the block extension mode is 01, blocks B1 and B2 are sent to aprevious slot and blocks B1 and B2 of a subsequent slot is included in acurrent slot, so that a portion including 15 blocks in total is definedas one slot.

Group regions may be classified by blocks in the slot. For instance,four blocks B4 to B7 are grouped to group region A, two blocks B3 and B8are grouped to group region B, two blocks B2 and B9 are grouped to groupregion C, and two blocks B1 and B10 are grouped to group region D. Thefour blocks SB1 to SB4, which are generated when the 38 packets, whichare a normal data region, are interleaved, may be grouped to groupregion E.

If a block extension mode of a certain block is 01, group regions A andB including blocks B3 to B8 may be defined as a primary ensemble. BlocksB1 and B2 are sent to a previous slot, and blocks B9 and B10, blocks SB1to SB4, and blocks B1 and B2 of a subsequent slot are included in groupregions C, D, and E, and group regions C, D, and E may be defined as asecondary ensemble. Similar to the primary ensemble, the secondaryensemble is able to fill a head/tail region with long training data of alength corresponding to one data segment, and thus can improve receptionperformance of the head/tail region up to a level equivalent to that ofthe body region.

If a block extension mode of a certain slot is 00, the primary ensembleis the same as in the case of BEM 01, but the secondary ensemble isdifferent. The second ensemble may be defined as including blocks B1 andB2 of a current slot, blocks B9 and B10, and blocks SB1 to SB4. Such asecondary ensemble has a saw-toothed head/tail region unlike the primaryensemble and thus is not able to fill the head/tail region with longtraining data. Thus, the reception performance of the head/tail regionis inferior to that of the body region.

If two certain slots are adjacent to each other in the BEM 00 mode, aportion where saw-toothed head/tail region of the slots intersect may befilled with long training data. As shown in FIGS. 64 and 65, in a regionwhere the sawteeth of the two adjacent slots of the BEM 00 mode areengaged with each other, segmented training of the slots are connectedso that a long training of a length equivalent to one data segment canbe generated. In FIGS. 64 and 65, a trellis encoder initialization bytelocation and a known byte location are displayed.

When an M/H frame is configured according to a service type, a slotfilled with new mobile data (SFCMM slot) may be placed near to a slotfilled with existing mobile data (SMM slot) or a slot in which 156packets are filled with normal data only (full main slot). At this time,if the BEM mode of the SFCMM slot is 00, combination is possible even ifthe CMM slot or the full main slot is placed as an adjacent slot. If aBEM 00 slot from among the 16 slots in the M/H sub-frame is placed inslot #0 and a CMM slot is placed in slot #1, block coding is performedby combining blocks B1 to B10 and blocks SB1 to SB4 in slot #0.Likewise, in slot #1, block coding is performed by combining blocks B1to B10 in slot #1.

If the BEM mode of the SFCMM slot is 01 and the CMM slot or the fullmain slot is placed as an adjacent slot, an orphan region should beconsidered. The orphan region refers to a region that is difficult touse in any slot because a plurality of slots of different types arecontinuously placed.

For instance, if the BEM 01 slot from among the 16 slots in the M/Hsub-frame is placed in slot #0 and the CMM slot is placed in slot #1,blocks B1 and B2 in slot #0 are sent to a previous slot and block codingis performed by including blocks B3 to B10 and blocks SB1 to SB4 andblocks B1 and B2 of a subsequent slot. That is, two slots filled withmobile data 1.0 and mobile data 1.1 which are not compatible to eachother should be processed so as not to incur interference therebetweenby the block coding method of the BEM 01.

The slot of the BEM 00 and the slot of the BEM 01 may be set so thatthey cannot be combined and used altogether. On the other hand, in thecase of the BEM 01 mode, the CMM mode, the BEM 01 mode, and the fullmain mode slots may be combined for use. In this case, a region that isdifficult to use due to a mode difference may be regarded as an orphanregion.

[Orphan Region]

The orphan region to prevent interference between two slots variesaccording to which slot is adjacent to the slot of the BEM 01 oraccording to an order of the adjacent slots.

First, if an (i)th slot is a CMM slot and a (i+1)th slot, which is asubsequent slot, is a BEM 01 slot, blocks B1 and B2 existing in a headregion of the BEM 01 slot are sent to a previous slot. However, sincethe CMM slot is not block-coded using blocks B1 and B2 of the subsequentslot, a region of blocks B1 and B2 of the (i+1)th slot is not allocatedto any service. This region is defined as orphan type 1. Likewise, ifthe (i)th slot is a full main slot and the (i+1)th slot, which is asubsequent slot, is a BEM 01 slot, a region of blocks B1 and B2 of the(1+1) slot is not allocated to any service and thus orphan type 1 isalso generated.

Second, if the (i)th slot is a BEM 01 slot and the (i+1)th slot, whichis a subsequent slot, is a CMM slot, the (i)th BEM 01 slot performsblock coding using blocks B1 and B2 of the subsequent slot and thus thesubsequent slot is not able to use blocks B1 and B2. That is, the CMMslot, which is the subsequent slot, is set to a dual frame mode andallocates a service to only a primary ensemble and makes a secondaryensemble empty. At this time, block B1 and B2 of the secondary ensemble,which includes blocks B1 and B2 and blocks B9 and B10, are sent to the(i)th slot, which is the previous slot, for use, but a region of blocksB9 and B10 is not allocated to any service. This region is defined asorphan type 2.

Finally, if the (i)th slot is adjacent to a BEM 01 slot and the (i+1)thslot is adjacent to a full main slot, orphan type 3 is generated. If theBEM 01 slot brings a region corresponding to blocks B1 and B2 from thefull main slot, which is a subsequent slot, and uses the region, normaldata is not transmitted to the 32 upper packets in which a region ofblocks B1 and B2 exists from among the 156 subsequent slots. That is,some of the first 32 packets of the subsequent slot correspond to theregion of blocks B1 and B2 and is used in the BEM 01 slot, which is the(i)th slot, but the remaining packets which do not correspond to theregion of blocks B1 and B2 are not allocated to any service. Theremaining region that does not correspond to the region of blocks B1 andB2 from among the first 32 packets of the subsequent slot is distributedover a part of group regions A and B in a group format afterinterleaving. Accordingly, orphan type 3 is generated in a body regionof the subsequent slot.

[Method of Using Orphan]

The orphan region may include new mobile data, training data, or a dummybyte when necessary. If the orphan region is filled with new mobiledata, the existence of corresponding data and a type of the data andsignaling information for the receiver to recognize and decode may beadded.

If the orphan region is filled with training data, a trellis encoder isinitialized according to a training sequence to be generated and a knownbyte is defined so that the receiver can recognize the trainingsequence.

Table 16 illustrates an example of a location of an orphan if BEM=01 anda using method thereof:

TABLE 16 Orphan Slot(i) Slot(i + 1) Loss(bytes) Location Orphan Use CMMBEM = 01 1850 Slot(i + 1) Head Training(141/ 89) BEM = 01 CMM 1570Slot(i + 1) Tail Training(195/ 141) Full Main BEM = 01 1850 Slot(i + 1)Head Training(141/ 89) BEM = 01 Full Main 3808 Slot(i + 1) Part of DummyRegion A and B

If BEM=01, the orphan region may be generated as in table 17 below:

TABLE 17 Orphan Use (Known Orphan bytes/ Orphan Region InitializationType Slot(i) Slot(i + 1) Loss(bytes) Location bytes) Type 1 CMM slotSFCMM 1618 Slot(i + 1) Training Slot with Head (210/252) BEM = 01 Type 2SFCMM CMM slot 1570 Slot(i + 1) Training Slot with Tail (195/141) BEM =01 Type 1 M/H Slot SFCMM 1618 Slot(i + 1) Training with only Slot withHead (210/252) Main BEM=01 packets Type 3 SFCMM M/H Slot 3808Slot(i + 1) Dummy Slot with with only Part of BEM = 01 Main Regions Apackets and B

As shown in table 17 above, the orphan region may be formed in variouslocations and with various sizes according to types of two consecutiveslots. Also, such an orphan region may be used for various purposes suchas training data or a dummy. Although tables 16 and 17 do not illustratean orphan region in which mobile data is used, the mobile data may beused in the orphan region.

If the orphan region is used, the method for processing the stream ofthe digital broadcast transmitter may include: configuring a stream inwhich a plurality of slots of different types in which at least one ofexisting mobile data, normal data, and new mobile data is placed in adifferent format are continuously arranged; and encoding andinterleaving the stream to be output as a transport stream. Theoperation of transmitting may be performed by the exciter unit 400 ofthe above-described digital broadcast transmitter.

The operation of configuring the stream may place at least one of thenew mobile data, training data, and dummy data in an orphan region towhich data is not allocated due to a format difference between theconsecutive slots. The method of using the orphan region has beendescribed above.

The orphan region may be of various types as described above.

That is, if a CMM slot and an SFCMM slot of a block extension mode 01are placed in sequence or if a full main slot including only normal dataand an SFCMM slot of a block extension mode 01 are placed in sequence,an orphan region of type 1 may be generated in a head portion of theSFCMM slot.

If an SFCMM slot of a block extension mode 01 and a CMM slot are placedin sequence, an orphan region of type 2 may be generated in a tailportion of the CMM slot.

If an SFCMM slot of a block extension mode 01 and a full main slotincluding only normal data are placed in sequence, an orphan region oftype 3 may be generated in a body portion of the full main slot.

As described above, the CMM slot is a slot in which existing mobile datais placed in a first region allocated to existing mobile data and normaldata is placed in a second region allocated to normal data.

The SFCMM slot is a slot in which new mobile data is placed in a part ofan entire region including the first region and the second regionaccording to a defined mode.

FIG. 58 illustrates a stream configuration indicating the orphan regionof type 1 after interleaving, and FIG. 59 illustrates a streamconfiguration indicating the orphan region of type 1 beforeinterleaving.

FIG. 60 illustrates a stream configuration indicating the orphan regionof type 2 after interleaving, and FIG. 61 illustrates a streamconfiguration indicating the orphan region of type 2 beforeinterleaving.

FIG. 62 illustrates a stream configuration indicating the orphan regionof type 3 after interleaving, and FIG. 63 illustrates a streamconfiguration indicating the orphan region of type 3 beforeinterleaving.

Referring to these drawings, the orphan may be generated in variouslocations according to a placing pattern of the slot.

The transport stream transmitted from the digital broadcast transmitteris received and processed by the digital broadcast receiver.

That is, the digital broadcast receiver includes a receiving unit toreceive a transport stream which is encoded and interleaved with aplurality of slots of different types, in which at least one of existingmobile data, normal data, and new mobile is placed in a differentformat, being continuously arranged, a demodulator to demodulate thetransport stream, an equalizer to equalize the demodulated transportstream, and a decoding unit to decode new mobile data from the equalizedstream. The transport stream may include an orphan region to which datais not allocated due to a difference in the format between theconsecutive slots, and at least one of the new mobile data, trainingdata, and dummy data may be placed in the orphan region.

The digital broadcast receiver may detect only the data that it canprocess according to a type of the digital broadcast receiver, that is,according to whether the digital broadcast receiver is a normal datareceiver, a CMM-dedicated receiver, a SFCMM-dedicated receiver, or acommon receiver.

Also, as described above, the presence/absence of data in the orphanregion and a type of the data may be informed using signalinginformation. That is, the digital broadcast receiver may further includea signaling decoder to decode the signaling information and identify thepresence/absence of data in the orphan region and a type of the data.

[Signaling Data]

Information such as the number of added existing or new mobile datapackets or the code rate may be transmitted to the receiver as signalinginformation.

For instance, such signaling information may be transmitted using areserved region of a TPC. In this case, a certain sub-frame transmitsinformation on a current frame and another sub frame transmitsinformation on a next frame, so that “Signaling in Advance” can berealized. That is, a predetermined TPC parameter and FIC data may besignaled in advance.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 55, one M/H frame may be divided into 5sub-frames. TPS parameters such as sub_frame_number, slot_number,parade_id, parade_repetition_cycle_minus_(—)1,parade_continuity_counter, fic_version, and the added slot modedescribed above may transmit information on a current frame in the fivesub-frames. Also, the TPC parameters such as SGN, number_ofgroups_minus_(—)1, FEC modes, TNoG, number of added existing or newmobile data packets described above, and a code rate may be recordeddifferently according to the number of the sub-frame. That is,sub-frames #0 and #1 may transmit information on the current frame andsub-frames #2, #3, and #4 may transmit information on the next frameconsidering a parade repetition cycle (PRC). In the case of TNoG,sub-frames #0 and #1 transmit only the information on the current frameand sub-frames #2, #3, #4 transmit the information on the current frameand the next frame.

Specifically, the TPC information may be configured as in table 18below:

TABLE 18 Syntax No. of Bits Format TPC_data {  sub-frame_number 3 ui

f  slot_number 4 ui

f  parade_id 7 ui

f   if (sub-frame_number ≦ 1)(   current_starting_group_number 4 ui

bf   current_number_of_groups_minus_( ) 3 ui

bf  if (sub-frame_number

 2)(   next_starting_group_number 4 ui

bf   next_number_of_groups_minus_

 ) 3 ui

bf  parade_repitition_cycle_minus_

3 ui

bf  if(sub-frame_number

)(   current_

_frame_

2

  current_

_code_mode_primary 2 bs

bf   current_

_code_mode_secondary 2 bs

bf   current_

_block_mode 2 bs

bf   current_

_

_code_mode_a 2 bs

bf   current_

_

_code_mode_b

bs

bf   current_

_

_code_mode_c

bs

bf   current_

_

_code_mode_d     ) 2 bs

bf

(sub-frame_number

 2)(   next_

_frame_mode 2 bs

bf   next_

_code_mode_primary 2 bs

bf   next_

_code_mode_secondary 2 bs

bf   next_

_block_mode 2 bs

bf   next_

_

_

_mode_a 2 bs

bf   next_

_

_

_mode_b 2 bs

bf   next_

_

_

_mode_c 2 bs

bf   next_

_

_

_mode_d     ) 2 bs

bf  

_version 5 ui

bf  parade_

_counter 4 ui

bf  if(sub-frame_number ≦ 1)(   current_

ui

bf   reserved              )

bs

bf  if(sub-frame_number

 2)(   next_

2 ui

bf   current_

             ) 2 ui

bf  if(sub-frame_number ≦ 1)(   current_sccc_outer_code_mode_

2 bs

bf   current_scalable_mode        ) 2 ui

bf  if(sub-frame_number

 2)(   next_sccc_outer_code_mode_

2 bs

bf   next_scalable_mode         ) 2 ui

bf  slot mode 2 ui

bf  reserved 10 bs

bf  tpc_protocol_version 5 bs

bf

indicates data missing or illegible when filed

As shown in table 18, if the number of the sub-frame is lower than orequal to 1, that is, #0 or #1, a variety of information on the currentM/H frame is transmitted, and, if the number of the sub-frame is higherthan or equal to 2, that is, #2, #3, and #4, a variety of information onthe next M/H frame may be transmitted considering a PRC. Accordingly,the information on the next frame can be known in advance so that aprocessing speed can be further improved.

The configuration of the receiver may be modified according to theabove-described variation of the exemplary embodiment.

That is, the receiver decodes the data that have been block-coded bybeing combined variously according to the block mode, thereby recoveringthe existing mobile data, the normal data, and the new mobile data.Also, the signaling information on the next frame is identified inadvance, so that processing can be prepared according to the identifiedinformation.

Specifically, in the digital broadcast receiver having the configurationshown in FIG. 51, the receiving unit 5100 receives a stream that isconfigured by performing SCCC coding by combining data placed in anexisting mobile data region and new mobile data placed in a normal dataregion in a unit of a block.

The stream is divided to frames and one frame is divided into aplurality of sub-frames. Some of the sub-frames include signalinginformation on a current frame and the other sub-frames includesignaling information on a next frame considering a PRC. For instance,from among the 5 sub-frames in total, sub-frame #0 and #1 includeinformation on the current frame and sub-frames #2, #3, and #4 includesinformation on the next frame considering the PRC.

The above-described stream may be a stream that is SCCC-coded by thedigital broadcast transmitter at one of rates of 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4.

If the above-described stream is transmitted, the demodulator 5200demodulates the stream and the equalizer 5300 equalizes the demodulatedstream.

The decoding unit 5400 decodes at least one of the existing mobile dataand the new mobile data from the equalized stream. In this case,processing for the next frame can be prepared in advance using the frameinformation included in each sub-frame.

As described above, the digital broadcast receiver can appropriatelyprocess the stream transmitted from the digital broadcast transmitteraccording to various exemplary embodiments. The method for processingthe stream of the digital broadcast receiver will not be explained andillustrated.

The configuration of the receiver according to the various exemplaryembodiments described above is similar to that of the other exemplaryembodiments described above, and thus illustration and explanationthereof are omitted.

FIG. 56 is a view illustrating an M/H group format before data isinterleaved in the above-described compatible mode, that is, thescalable mode 11a.

Referring to FIG. 56, the M/H group including mobile data includes 208data segments. If the M/H group in the M/H slot configured in a unit of156 packets is distributed over the 156 packets, the 156 packets aredistributed over the 208 data segments as a result of interleavingaccording to an interleaving rule of the interleaver 430.

The mobile data group of the 208 data segments in total is divided into15 mobile data blocks. Specifically, the mobile data group includesblocks B1 to B10 and blocks SB1 to SB5. Blocks B1 to B10 may correspondto the mobile data placed in the existing mobile data region as shown inFIG. 8. On the other hand, blocks SB1 to SB5 may correspond to the newmobile data allocated to the existing normal data region. Block SB5 is aregion including an MPEG header and an RS parity for the sake ofbackward compatibility.

Each of blocks B1 to B10 may include 16 segments like the existingmobile data region, and block SB4 may include 31 segments and each ofblocks SB2 and SB3 may include 14 segments. In block SB1, a length ofthe segments distributed may vary according to a mode. If normal data isnot transmitted through all of the frames, that is, if an entire datarate of 19.4 Mbps is filled with mobile data, block SB1 may include 32segments. If normal data is transmitted in part, block SB1 may include31 segments.

Block SB5 is a region in which an MPEG header and an RS parity existingin the 51 segments of a body region are distributed. If normal data isnot transmitted through all of the frames, that is, if the entire datarate of 19.4 Mbps is filled with mobile data, block SB5 may be definedas being filled with mobile data. This corresponds to theabove-described incompatible mode. If all data is allocated as mobiledata and thus compatibility does not need to be considered, the regionin which the MPEG header and the RS parity, which exist for the sake ofcompatibility with an existing normal data receiver, are distributed maybe re-defined as mobile data.

As described above, these blocks, that is, blocks B1 to B10 and blocksSB1 to SB5 may be block-coded by being combined in various formats.

That is, if the SCCC block mode is 00 (a separate block), the SCCC outercode mode may be differently applied according to group regions A, B, C,and D. On the other hand, if the SCCC block mode is 01 (a paired block),the SCCC outer code mode of all of the regions should be the same. Forinstance, blocks SB1 and SB4, which are newly added mobile data blocks,adopt the SCCC outer coder mode set for group region C, and blocks SB2and SB3 adopt the SCCC outer code mode set for group region C. Finally,block SB5 adopt the SCCC outer code mode set for group region A.

In particular, block SB 5 is generated if a service is performed withonly mobile data. In this case, considering compatibility between areceiver for receiving existing mobile data and a receiver for receivingnew mobile data additionally, block SB5 may be differently coded.

If the block mode of the slot from which block SB5 is generated is aseparate mode, the primary ensemble should be filled with 1.0 mobiledata and the secondary ensemble should be filled with 1.1 mobile data,and thus compatibility with the receiver for receiving mobile datashould be maintained. Accordingly, block SB5 may be coded independently.

If the block mode of the slot from which block SB5 is generated is apaired mode, the frame is a single frame, which is filled with only 1.1mobile data and thus compatibility with the existing mobile datareceiver does not need to be considered. Accordingly, block SB5 may becoded by being absorbed into a part of the body region.

Specifically, if new mobile data is placed in the entire second regionin one slot as in the compatible mode, that is, in the scalable mode 11,block SB5 may be differently coded according to a block mode. if theblock mode set for the corresponding slot is a separate mode in whichexisting mobile data and new mobile data coexist, the block includingthe MPEG header and the RS parity region, that is, block SB5 may becoded independently from the body region in the corresponding slot. Onthe other hand, if the block mode is a paired mode in which only newmobile data exists, the block including the MPEG header and the RSparity region, that is, block SB5 may be coded along with the remainingpart of the body region. As described above, the block coding may beperformed in various ways.

Accordingly, the digital broadcast receiver, which receives thetransport stream, identifies the mode according to the signaling dataand then detects new mobile data according to the mode and reproducesthe new mobile data. That is, if the block mode is a paired mode in theabove-described incompatible mode (that is, the fifth mode or scalablemode 11) and new mobile data is transmitted, block SB5 may not bedecoded separately and may be decoded along with the mobile dataincluded in the existing body region.

Also, if known data, that is, a training sequence exists as describedabove, the memories in the trellis encoder should be initialized beforethe training sequence is trellis-encoded. In this case, a region forinitializing the memory, that is, an initialization byte should beplaced before the training sequence.

FIG. 56 illustrates a stream configuration after interleaving. Referringto FIG. 56, the training sequence appears in the body region in theformat of a plurality of long training sequences, and appears in thehead/tail region in the form of a plurality of long training sequences.Specifically, in the head/tail region, 5 long training sequences intotal appear. Unlike in the first and the fifth training sequences, inthe second, the third, and the fifth training sequences, the trellisinitialization byte does not start from the first byte of each segmentand is set to start after a predetermined byte.

Such movement of the location of the trellis initialization byte is notlimited to the head/tail region. That is, in some of the plurality oflong training sequences included in the body region, the trellisinitialization byte may be set to start after a predetermined byte.

[Sizes of PL, SOBL, and SIBL According to Block Mode]

The sizes of a RS frame portion length (PL), a SCCC output block length(SOBL), and a SCCC input block length (SIBL) may be differently realizedaccording to a block mode. The following table indicates a PL of aprimary RS frame if the RS frame mode is 00 (that is, a single frame),the SCCC block mode is 00 (that is, a separate block), and the SCCCblock extension mode is 01:

TABLE 19 SCCC Outer Code Mode Combinations For Region For Region ForRegion C, M/H D, M/H PL A and M/H For Region Blocks SB1 Blocks SB2Scalable Scalable Scalable Scalable Scalable Block SB5 B and SB4 and SB3Mode 00 Mode 01 Mode 10 Mode 11 Mode 11a 00 00 00 00 10440 11094 1174813884 12444 00 00 00 10 10138 10678 11216 13126 11766 00 00 00 01 998710470 10950 12747 11427 00 00 10 00 9810 10360 10912 12698 11522 00 0010 10 9508 9944 10380 11940 10844 00 00 10 01 9357 9736 10114 1156110505 00 00 01 00 9495 9993 10494 12105 11061 00 00 01 10 9193 9577 996211347 10383 00 00 01 01 9042 9369 9696 10968 10044 00 10 00 00 962610280 10934 13070 11630 00 10 00 10 9324 9864 10402 12312 10952 00 10 0001 9173 9656 10136 11933 10613 00 10 10 00 8996 9546 10098 11884 1070800 10 10 10 8694 9130 9566 11126 10030 00 10 10 01 8543 8922 9300 107479691 00 10 01 00 8681 9179 9680 11291 10247 00 10 01 10 8379 8763 914810533 9569 00 10 01 01 8228 8555 8882 10154 9230 00 01 00 00 9219 987310527 12663 11223 00 01 00 10 8917 9457 9995 11905 10545 00 01 00 018766 9249 9729 11526 10206 00 01 10 00 8589 9139 9691 11477 10301 00 0110 10 8287 8723 9159 10719 9623 00 01 10 01 8136 8515 8893 10340 9284 0001 01 00 8274 8772 9273 10884 9840 00 01 01 10 7972 8356 8741 10126 916200 01 01 01 7821 8148 8475 9747 8823 10 00 00 00 8706 9360 10014 1242210710 10 00 00 10 8404 8944 9482 11256 10032 10 00 00 01 8253 8736 921610877 9693 10 00 10 00 8076 8626 9178 10828 9788 10 00 10 10 7774 82108646 10070 9110 10 00 10 01 7623 8002 8380 9691 8771 10 00 01 00 77618259 8760 10235 9327 10 00 01 10 7459 7843 8228 9477 8649 10 00 01 017308 7635 7962 9098 8310 10 10 00 00 7892 8546 9200 11200 9896 10 10 0010 7590 8130 8668 10442 9218 10 10 00 01 7439 7922 8402 10063 8879 10 1010 00 7262 7812 8364 10014 8974 10 10 10 10 6960 7396 7832 9256 8296 1010 10 01 6809 7188 7566 8877 7957 10 10 01 00 6947 7445 7946 9421 851310 10 01 10 6645 7029 7414 8663 7835 10 10 01 01 6494 6821 7148 82847496 10 01 00 00 7485 8139 8793 10793 9489 10 01 00 10 7183 7723 826110035 8811 10 01 00 01 7032 7515 7995 9656 8472 10 01 10 00 6855 74057957 9607 8567 10 01 10 10 6553 6989 7425 8849 7889 10 01 10 01 64026781 7159 8470 7550 10 01 01 00 6540 7038 7539 9014 8106 10 01 01 106238 6622 7007 8256 7428 10 01 01 01 6087 6414 6741 7877 7089 01 00 0000 7839 8493 9147 11079 9843 01 00 00 10 7537 8077 8615 10321 9165 01 0000 01 7386 7869 8349 9942 8826 01 00 10 00 7209 7759 8311 9893 8921 0100 10 10 6907 7343 7779 9135 8243 01 00 10 01 6756 7135 7513 8756 790401 00 01 00 6894 7392 7893 9300 8460 01 00 01 10 6592 6976 7361 85427782 01 00 01 01 6441 6768 7095 8163 7443 01 10 00 00 7025 7679 833310265 9029 01 10 00 10 6723 7263 7801 9507 8351 01 10 00 01 6572 70557535 9128 8012 01 10 10 00 6395 6945 7497 9079 8107 01 10 10 10 60936529 6965 8321 7429 01 10 10 01 5942 6321 6699 7942 7090 01 10 01 006080 6578 7079 8486 7646 01 10 01 10 5778 6162 6547 7728 6968 01 10 0101 5627 5954 6281 7349 6629 01 01 00 00 6618 7272 7926 9858 8622 01 0100 10 6316 6856 7394 9100 7944 01 01 00 01 6165 6648 7128 8721 7605 0101 10 00 5988 6538 7090 8672 7700 01 01 10 10 5686 6122 6558 7914 702201 01 10 01 5535 5914 6292 7535 6683 01 01 01 00 5673 6171 6672 80797239 01 01 01 10 5371 5755 6140 7321 6561 01 01 01 01 5220 5547 58746942 6222 Others Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined

The following table indicates the PL of the primary RS frame if the RSframe mode is 00 (that is, a single frame), the SCCC block mode is 01(that is, a paired block), and the SCCC block extension mode is 01:

TABLE 20 PL SCCC Outer Scalable Scalable Scalable Scalable Scalable CodeMode Mode 00 Mode 01 Mode 10 Mode 11 Mode 11a 00 10440 11094 11748 1388412444 10 6960 7396 7832 9256 8296 01 5220 5547 5874 6942 6222 OthersUndefined

The following table indicates the PL of the secondary RS frame if the RSframe mode is 01 (that is, a dual frame), the SCCC block mode is 00(that is, a separated block), and the SCCC block extension mode is 01:

TABLE 21 SCCC Outer Code Mode Combinations For Region For Region C, M/HD, M/H PL Blocks SB1 Blocks SB2 For M/H Scalable Scalable ScalableScalable Scalable and SB4 and SB3 Block SB5 Mode 00 Mode 01 Mode 10 Mode11 Mode 11a 00 00 00 2796 3450 4104 6240 4800 00 10 00 2494 3034 35725482 4122 00 01 00 2343 2826 3306 5103 3783 10 00 00 2166 2716 3268 50543878 10 10 00 1864 2300 2736 4296 3200 10 01 00 1713 2092 2470 3917 286101 00 00 1851 2349 2850 4461 3417 01 10 00 1549 1933 2318 3703 2739 0101 00 1398 1725 2052 3324 2400 00 00 01 2796 3450 4104 6036 4800 00 1001 2494 3034 3572 5278 4122 00 01 01 2343 2826 3306 4899 3783 10 00 012166 2716 3268 4850 3878 10 10 01 1864 2300 2736 4092 3200 10 01 01 17132092 2470 3713 2861 01 00 01 1851 2349 2850 4257 3417 01 10 01 1549 19332318 3499 2739 01 01 01 1398 1725 2052 3120 2400 Others UndefinedUndefined Undefined Undefined Undefined

Also, the following table indicates the SOBL and the SIBL if the SCCCblock mode is 00 (that is, a separated block), the RS frame mode is 00(that is, a single frame), and the SCCC block extension mode is 01:

TABLE 22 SOBL SIBL Scalable Scalable Scalable Scalable Scalable ScalableScalable Scalable Scalable Scalable Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode ModeMode Mode Mode SCCC Block 00 01 10 11 11a 00 01 10 11 11a 1/2 rate SCB1(B1 + 888 1212 1536 2280 1932 444 606 768 1140 966 SB3) SCB2 (B2 + 18722160 2412 3432 2568 936 1080 1206 1716 1284 SB4) SCB3 (B3) 2376 23762376 2376 2376 1188 1188 1188 1188 1188 SCB4 (B4) 2388 2388 2388 23882388 1194 1194 1194 1194 1194 SCB5 (B5) 2772 2772 2772 2772 2772 13861386 1386 1386 1386 SCB6 (B6) 2472 2472 2472 2472 2472 1236 1236 12361236 1236 SCB7 (B7) 2772 2772 2772 2772 2772 1386 1386 1386 1386 1386SCB8 (B8) 2508 2508 2508 2508 2508 1254 1254 1254 1254 1254 SCB9 (B9 +1908 2244 2604 3684 2964 954 1122 1302 1842 1482 SB1) SCB10 (B10 + 9241284 1656 2268 2136 462 642 828 1134 1068 SB2) SCB11 (SB5) 0 0 0 816 0 00 0 408 0 1/3 rate SCB1 (B1 + 888 1212 1536 2280 1932 296 404 512 760644 SB3) SCB2 (B2 + 1872 2160 2412 3432 2568 624 720 804 1144 856 SB4)SCB3 (B3) 2376 2376 2376 2376 2376 792 792 792 792 792 SCB4 (B4) 23882388 2388 2388 2388 796 796 796 796 796 SCB5 (B5) 2772 2772 2772 27722772 924 924 924 924 924 SCB6 (B6) 2472 2472 2472 2472 2472 824 824 824824 824 SCB7 (B7) 2772 2772 2772 2772 2772 924 924 924 924 924 SCB8 (B8)2508 2508 2508 2508 2508 836 836 836 836 836 SCB9 (B9 + 1908 2244 26043684 2964 636 748 868 1228 988 SB1) SCB10 (B10 + 924 1284 1656 2268 2136308 428 552 756 712 SB2) SCB11 (SB5) 0 0 0 816 0 0 0 0 272 0 1/4 rateSCB1 (B1 + 888 1212 1536 2280 1932 222 303 384 570 483 SB3) SCB2 (B2 +1872 2160 2412 3432 2568 468 540 603 858 642 SB4) SCB3 (B3) 2376 23762376 2376 2376 594 594 594 594 594 SCB4 (B4) 2388 2388 2388 2388 2388597 597 597 597 597 SCB5 (B5) 2772 2772 2772 2772 2772 693 693 693 693693 SCB6 (B6) 2472 2472 2472 2472 2472 618 618 618 618 618 SCB7 (B7)2772 2772 2772 2772 2772 693 693 693 693 693 SCB8 (B8) 2508 2508 25082508 2508 627 627 627 627 627 SCB9 (B9 + 1908 2244 2604 3684 2964 477561 651 921 741 SB1) SCB10 (B10 + 924 1284 1656 2268 2136 231 321 414567 534 SB2) SCB11 (SB5) 0 0 0 816 0 0 0 0 204 0

Also, the following table indicates the SOBL and the SIBL if the SCCCblock mode is 01 (that is, a paired block), the RS frame mode is 01(that is, a dual frame), and the SCCC block extension mode is 01:

TABLE 23 SOBL SIBL Scalable Scalable Scalable Scalable Scalable ScalableScalable Scalable Scalable Scalable Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode ModeMode Mode Mode SCCC Block 00 01 10 11 11a 00 01 10 11 11a 1/2 rate SCB1(B1 + B6 + 3360 3684 4008 4752 4404 1680 1842 2004 2376 2202 SB3) SCB2(B2 + B7 + 4644 4932 5184 6204 5340 2322 2466 2592 3102 2670 SB4) SCB3(B3 + B8) 4884 4884 4884 4884 4884 2442 2442 2442 2442 2442 SCB4 (B4 +B9 + 4296 4632 4992 6072 5352 2148 2316 2496 3036 2676 SB1) SCB5 (B5 +B10 + 3696 4056 4428 5040 4908 1848 2028 2214 2520 2454 SB2) SCB6 (SB5)0 0 0 816 0 0 0 0 408 0 1/3 rate SCB1 (B1 + B6 + 3360 3684 4008 47524404 1120 1228 1336 1584 1468 SB3) SCB2 (B2 + B7 + 4644 4932 5184 62045340 1548 1644 1728 2068 1780 SB4) SCB3 (B3 + B8) 4884 4884 4884 48844884 1628 1628 1628 1628 1628 SCB4 (B4 + B9 + 4296 4632 4992 6072 53521432 1544 1664 2024 1784 SB1) SCB5 (B5 + B10 + 3696 4056 4428 5040 49081232 1352 1476 1680 1636 SB2) SCB6 (SB5) 0 0 0 816 0 0 0 0 272 0 1/4rate SCB1 (B1 + B6 + 3360 3684 4008 4752 4404 840 921 1002 1188 1101SB3) SCB2 (B2 + B7 + 4644 4932 5184 6204 5340 1161 1233 1296 1551 1335SB4) SCB3 (B3 + B8) 4884 4884 4884 4884 4884 1221 1221 1221 1221 1221SCB4 (B4 + B9 + 4296 4632 4992 6072 5352 1074 1158 1248 1518 1338 SB1)SCB5 (B5 + B10 + 3696 4056 4428 5040 4908 924 1014 1107 1260 1227 SB2)SCB6 (SB5) 0 0 0 816 0 0 0 0 204 0

As described above, the PL, the SOBL, and the SIBL may have varioussizes according to the block mode. The data set forth in the abovetables are merely an example and should not be considered as limiting.

[Initialization]

As described above, if known data, that is, training data, is includedin the stream, initialization should be performed. That is, in theATSC-M/H transceiving system, the trellis encoder is initializedaccording to a training sequence to be generated and then a known byteis defined, so that the receiver can recognize the training sequence.

In the group format of the BEM 00 MODE, a trellis initialization byte isplaced on a boundary surface between sawteeth and a known byte isdistributed after that. If the trellis encoding is performed in asegment order from the top to the bottom and in a byte order from theleft to the right, trellis encoding is performed on a boundary surfacebetween sawteeth filled with data of another slot and thus a trellisencoder memory value cannot be predicted on a boundary surface betweensawteeth filled with data of a next slot. Therefore, the trellis encodershould be initialized on every boundary surface of the sawteeth. Asshown in FIGS. 56 and 57, the initialization byte may be distributed oneach sawtooth boundary of the head region including blocks B1 and B2,and the initialization byte may also be distributed on each sawtoothboundary of the tail region including blocks SB1 to SB4.

If two certain slots are adjacent to each other in the BEM 00 MODE,short training data of each head/tail region is located on the samesegment and is continuously connected, thereby serving as one longtraining. If the two BEM 00 slots are adjacent to each other andtraining data are concatenated, only the first maximum 12 initializationbytes of the segment in which the training data exists is used as aninitialization mode and the initialization byte existing in a regionwhere the sawteeth are engaged with each other may be input like theknown byte and may be trellis encoded.

Except for the first maximum 12 initialization bytes of the segment, theintermediate initialization bytes existing in the region where thesawteeth are engaged with each other may be input as a known byte or aninitialization byte according to whether the BEM 00 slot is adjacent tothe same slot or a different slot. That is, the operation of the trellisencoder may be multiplexed in the normal mode or may be multiplexed inthe initialization mode during the intermediate initialization byte.Since the number of symbols generated is different according to the modein which the trellis encoder multiplexes an input, a symbol value to beused by the receiver as training may be different. In order to minimizeconfusion of the receiver, with reference to a symbol generated bymultiplexing an intermediate initialization byte into a known byte if along training is configured by two adjacent BEM 00 slots, anintermediate initialization byte value to be used as an initializationmode if the BEM 00 slot is not adjacent to the same slot may bedetermined. That is, the intermediate initialization byte value may bedetermined to create the same value as the long training symbol valuegenerated if the slots are concatenated. At this time, the first twosymbol values of the intermediate initialization byte may be differentfrom the symbol value generated if the slots are concatenated.

As described above, the method for processing the stream of the digitalbroadcast transmitter is realized so that a long training sequence canbe generated on a boundary between consecutive slots.

That is, the method for processing the stream of the transmitterincludes configuring a stream in which slots including a plurality ofblocks are continuously placed, and encoding and interleaving the streamto be output as a transport stream.

In the operation of configuring the stream, if slots of a blockextension mode 00 in which all of the blocks in a corresponding slotsare used are continuously placed, known data may be placed in apredetermined segment of each of adjacent slots so that a long trainingsequence is generated on a boundary between the adjacent slots engagedwith each other in a saw-toothed configuration. The block extension mode00 is a mode in which all of the blocks including blocks B1 and B2 areused in that slot. Accordingly, on a boundary of a next slot, a sawtoothof the preceding slot and a sawtooth of the following slot are engagedwith each other. In this case, known data is placed in an appropriatesegment location of the preceding slot and an appropriate segmentlocation of the following slot so that the known data are connected toeach other on the sawteeth of the two slots. Specifically, if the knowndata is placed in the about 130^(th) segment of the preceding slot andthe 15^(th) segment of the following slot, respectively, the known dataare connected to each other on the boundary so that a single longtraining sequence is generated.

As described above, if first known data placed in the sawtooth of thepreceding slot of the adjacent slots and second known data placed in thesawtooth of the following slot are alternately connected to each otheron the boundary, a value of the first known data and a value of thesecond known data may be predetermined values to generate a longtraining sequence known to the digital broadcast receiver.

The known data may be inserted to have the same sequence as the longtraining sequence used in the slot of the block extension mode 01 inwhich some block of a corresponding slot is provided to another slot.

FIG. 64 illustrates a stream configuration before interleaving if theblock extension mode is 00, and FIG. 65 illustrates a streamconfiguration after interleaving if the block extension mode 00.

If the known data is placed in the format of a long training sequence,every portion of the known data is not required to be initialized.Accordingly, in this case, the method may include initializing thetrellis encoder before the known data corresponding to an initialportion of the long training sequence is trellis-encoded.

On the other hand, if slots of different block extension modes arecontinuously placed, known data is not continuous on the boundary.Accordingly, in the operation of transmitting, the trellis encoder maybe initialized before known data placed in the sawtooth portion on theboundary of the consecutive slots is trellis encoded.

If the known data is placed in the boundary in the format of the longtraining sequence and transmitted as described above, the method forprocessing the stream of the digital broadcast receiver may be realizedaccordingly.

That is, the method for processing the stream of the digital broadcastreceiver includes receiving a transport stream which is encoded andinterleaved with slots including a plurality of blocks beingcontinuously placed, demodulating the received transport stream,equalizing the demodulated transport stream, and decoding new mobiledata from the equalized stream.

Each slot of the transport stream may include at least one of the normaldata, the existing mobile data, and the new mobile data.

If slots of the block extension mode 00 in which all blocks in acorresponding slot are used are continuously placed, the transportstream may have known data that is placed in a predetermined segment ofeach of adjacent slots so that a long training sequence is generated ona boundary between the adjacent slots which are engaged with each otherin a saw-toothed configuration.

As described above, the known data placed in the boundary between thepreceding slot and the following slot may be continuously connected toeach other to generate a long training sequence known to the digitalbroadcast transmitter and the digital broadcast receiver.

Such a long training sequence may have the same sequence as the longtraining sequence used in the slot of the block extension mode 01 inwhich some block in a corresponding slot is provided to another slot.

The digital broadcast receiver may know whether such a long trainingsequence is used or not by identifying the block extension mode of eachslot.

That is, the method for processing the stream of the digital broadcastreceiver may further include decoding signaling data of each slot andidentifying a block extension mode of each slot. Specifically, the blockextension mode may be recorded on a TPC of each slot.

In this case, even if one slot has been received, the digital broadcastreceiver may defer to detect and process known data until a blockextension mode of the next slot is identified. That is, the method mayinclude, if the decoding of the signaling data of the following one ofthe adjacent slots is completed and it is identified that the blockextension mode of the following slot is 00, detecting known data of thesawtooth portion on the boundary of the adjacent slots as the longtraining sequence, and processing the known data.

According to another exemplary embodiment, the signaling data of eachslot may be realized to inform information on the surrounding slots inadvance.

In this case, the digital broadcast receiver may decode the signalingdata of the preceding one of the adjacent slots and identify the blockextension modes of the preceding slot and the following slot.

The method for processing the stream of the digital broadcasttransmitter and the digital broadcast receiver may be performed in thedigital broadcast transmitter and the digital broadcast receiver, whichhave the various configurations as shown in the drawings. For example,the digital broadcast receiver may further include a detection unit todetect and process known data, in addition to the basic elements such asthe receiving unit, the demodulator, the equalizer, and the decodingunit. In this case, if it is identified that two slots of the blockextension mode 00 are received, the detection unit detects long trainingdata placed in the boundary of the slots and use the long training datato correct an error. Also, the detection unit may provide a result ofthe detection to at least one of the demodulator, the equalizer, and thedecoding unit.

[Training Data Location considering RS Parity]

Regarding a segment having an already determined RS parity value, thealready calculated RS parity value should be changed as data of thesegment is changed during the trellis encoder initialization, so thatthe receiver does not incur an error and is normally operated. In thecase of a packet in which a trellis initialization byte exists, 20 bytesof a non-systematic RS parity of the packet do not precede the trellisinitialization byte. The trellis initialization byte exists only in alocation where this condition is satisfied, and training data may begenerated by such an initialization byte.

As shown in FIGS. 64 and 65, in order to place the trellisinitialization byte before the RS parity, the RS parity location ischanged differently from the group format of the BEM 01 slot. That is,in the group format of the BEM 01 slot, the RS parity is placed in thefirst 5 segments from among the 208 data segments after interleaving,but, in the case of the BEM 00 slot, the RS parity location may bechanged so that a portion under block B2 is filled with as shown inFIGS. 64 and 65.

Considering the changed RS parity, the training data distributed in theBEM 00 slot is placed so that the first, the second, and the thirdtraining are placed in the 7th and the 8th segments, the 20th and the21st segments, and the 31st and the 32nd segments, respectively, inblocks B1 and B2. Also, the changed RS parities may be located in the33rd to the 37th segments of blocks B1 and B2. Also, in the tail region,the first, the second, the third, the fourth, and the fifth training maybe located in the 134th and 135th segments, the 150th and the 151stsegments, the 163rd and the 164th segments, the 176th and the 177thsegments, and the 187th and the 188th segments, respectively. If two BEM00 slots are adjacent to each other and generate concatenated longtraining, the first training of blocks B1 and B2 and the third trainingof the tail region are connected to each other, the second training ofblocks B1 and B2 and the fourth training of the tail region areconnected to each other, and the third training of blocks B1 and B2 andthe fifth training of the tail reguib are connected to each other.

As described above, the training data is placed in various ways and theinitialization thereof is performed accordingly.

The digital broadcast receiver detects the training data from thelocation where the training data is placed. Specifically, the detectionunit or the signaling decoder of FIG. 52 may detect informationindicating the location of the training data. Accordingly, the trainingdata is detected from the identified location and an error can becorrected.

While not restricted thereto, an exemplary embodiment can be embodied ascomputer-readable code on a computer-readable recording medium. Thecomputer-readable recording medium is any data storage device that canstore data that can be thereafter read by a computer system. Examples ofthe computer-readable recording medium include read-only memory (ROM),random-access memory (RAM), CD-ROMs, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, andoptical data storage devices. The computer-readable recording medium canalso be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that thecomputer-readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion.Also, an exemplary embodiment may be written as a computer programtransmitted over a computer-readable transmission medium, such as acarrier wave, and received and implemented in general-use orspecial-purpose digital computers that execute the programs. Moreover,it is understood that in exemplary embodiments, one or more units of theabove-described apparatuses, transmitters, and receivers can includecircuitry, a processor, a microprocessor, etc., and may execute acomputer program stored in a computer-readable medium.

The foregoing exemplary embodiments and advantages are merely exemplaryand are not to be construed as limiting the present inventive concept.Exemplary embodiments can be readily applied to other types ofapparatuses. Also, the description of exemplary embodiments is intendedto be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the claims, and manyalternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art.

1. A method for processing a stream of a digital broadcast transmitter,the method comprising: configuring a stream in which slots comprising aplurality of blocks are placed; encoding and interleaving the configuredstream; and outputting the encoded and interleaved stream as a transportstream, wherein the configuring the stream comprises, if slots of ablock extension mode 00 are continuously placed, connecting known dataplaced in predetermined locations of adjacent slots to each other inorder to generate a long training sequence.
 2. The method as claimed inclaim 1, wherein first known data which is placed in a tail portion of apreceding slot among the adjacent slots and second known data which isplaced in a head portion of a following slot among the adjacent slotsare alternately connected to each other on a boundary, and a value ofthe first known data and a value of the second known data arepredetermined values to generate a long training sequence which is knownto the digital broadcast transmitter and a digital broadcast receiver.3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the known data has a samesequence as a long training sequence that is used in a slot of a blockextension mode 01 in which some block of a corresponding slot isprovided to another slot.
 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, whereinthe outputting comprises initializing a trellis encoder before knowndata corresponding to an initial portion of the long training sequenceis trellis-encoded.
 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein theoutputting comprises, if slots of different block extension modes arecontinuously placed, initializing a trellis encoder before known datawhich is placed in a sawtooth portion of a boundary between thecontinuously placed slots is trellis encoded.
 6. A digital broadcasttransmitter comprising: a stream configurator which configures a streamin which slots comprising a plurality of blocks are placed; and anexciter which encodes and interleaves the configured stream and outputsthe encoded and interleaved stream as a transport stream, wherein, ifslots of a block extension mode 00 are continuously placed, the streamconfigurator connects known data placed in predetermined locations ofadjacent slots to each other in order to generate a long trainingsequence.
 7. The digital broadcast transmitter as claimed in claim 6,wherein first known data which is placed in a tail portion of apreceding slot among the adjacent slots and second known data which isplaced in a head portion of a following slot among the adjacent slotsare alternately connected to each other on a boundary, and a value ofthe first known data and a value of the second known data arepredetermined values to generate a long training sequence which is knownto the digital broadcast transmitter and a digital broadcast receiver.8. The digital broadcast transmitter as claimed in claim 6, wherein theknown data has a same sequence as a long training sequence that is usedin a slot of a block extension mode 01, in which some block of acorresponding slot is provided to another slot.
 9. The digital broadcasttransmitter as claimed in claim 6, wherein the exciter comprises: anencoder which encodes the stream; an interleaver which interleaves theencoded stream; and a trellis encoder which trellis-encodes theinterleaved stream, wherein the trellis encoder is initialized beforeknown data corresponding to an initial portion of the long trainingsequence is trellis-encoded.
 10. The digital broadcast transmitter asclaimed in claim 9, wherein, if slots of different block extension modesare continuously placed, the trellis encoder is initialized before knowndata which is placed in a sawtooth portion of a boundary between thecontinuously placed slots is trellis encoded.
 11. A method forprocessing a stream of a digital broadcast receiver, the methodcomprising: receiving a transport stream which is encoded andinterleaved in a state that slots comprising a plurality of blocks areplaced; demodulating the received transport stream; equalizing thedemodulated transport stream; and decoding second mobile data from theequalized stream, wherein each slot of the transport stream comprises atleast one of normal data, first mobile data, and the second mobile data,wherein, if slots of a block extension mode 00 are continuously placed,in the transport stream, known data which is placed in predeterminedlocations of adjacent slots are connected to each other in order togenerate a long training sequence.
 12. The method as claimed in claim11, wherein first known data which is placed in a tail portion of apreceding slot among the adjacent slots and second known data which isplaced in a head portion of a following slot among the adjacent slotsare alternately connected to each other on a boundary, and a value ofthe first known data and a value of the second known data arepredetermined values to generate a long training sequence which is knownto a digital broadcast transmitter and the digital broadcast receiver.13. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the known data has a samesequence as a long training sequence that is used in a slot of a blockextension mode 01, in which some block of a corresponding slot isprovided to another slot.
 14. The method as claimed in claim 11, furthercomprising decoding signaling data of each slot and identifying a blockextension mode of each of the slots.
 15. The method as claimed in claim14, further comprising, if decoding of signaling data of a followingslot among the adjacent slots is completed and a block extension mode ofthe following slot is identified as 00, detecting known data placed in asawtooth portion of a boundary between the adjacent slots as the longtraining sequence and processing the known data.
 16. The method asclaimed in claim 11, further comprising decoding signaling data of apreceding slot among the adjacent slots and identifying block extensionmodes of both the preceding slot and a following slot among the adjacentslots.
 17. A digital broadcast receiver comprising: a receiver whichreceives a transport stream which is encoded and interleaved in a statethat slots comprising a plurality of blocks are placed; a demodulatorwhich demodulates the received transport stream; an equalizer whichequalizes the demodulated transport stream; and a decoder which decodessecond mobile data from the equalized stream, wherein each slot of thetransport stream comprises at least one of normal data, first mobiledata, and the second mobile data, wherein, if slots of a block extensionmode 00 are continuously placed, in the transport stream, known datawhich is placed in predetermined locations of adjacent slots areconnected to each other in order to generate a long training sequence.18. The digital broadcast receiver as claimed in claim 17, wherein firstknown data which is placed in a tail portion of a preceding slot amongthe adjacent slots and second known data which is placed in a headportion of a following slot among the adjacent slots are alternatelyconnected to each other on a boundary, and a value of the first knowndata and a value of the second known data are predetermined values togenerate a long training sequence which is known to a digital broadcasttransmitter and the digital broadcast receiver.
 19. The digitalbroadcast receiver as claimed in claim 17, wherein the long trainingsequence has a same sequence as a long training sequence that is used ina slot of a block extension mode 01, in which some block of acorresponding slot is provided to another slot.
 20. The digitalbroadcast receiver as claimed in claim 17, further comprising asignaling decoder which decodes signaling data of each slot andidentifies a block extension mode of each of the slots.
 21. The digitalbroadcast receiver as claimed in claim 20, further comprising a detectorwhich, if decoding of signaling data of a following slot among theadjacent slots is completed and a block extension mode of the followingslot is identified as 00, detects known data placed in a sawtoothportion of a boundary between the adjacent slots as the long trainingsequence and processing the known data.
 22. The digital broadcastreceiver as claimed in claim 17, further comprising a signaling decoderwhich decodes signaling data of a preceding slot among the adjacentslots and identifies block extension modes of both the preceding slotand a following slot among the adjacent slots.
 23. A computer readablerecording medium having recorded thereon a program executable by acomputer for performing the method of claim
 1. 24. A computer readablerecording medium having recorded thereon a program executable by acomputer for performing the method of claim 11.